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CorollaryStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-13
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PID Kunneth is a two-column collapse

Statement

Assume AC. For bounded-below free complexes C,D over a PID R, the Künneth spectral sequence has only columns p=0,1 and gives the natural short exact sequence 0i+j=nHiCRHjDHn(CRD)i+j=n1Tor1R(HiC,HjD)0. Its arrows agree with the published cross-product and Tor quotient. It admits splittings, but no splitting natural in both complexes exists in general.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The PID, free bounded-below complexes, and AC.

[F1]

The Künneth sequence has Tor second page and finite increasing filtration (Kunneth Tor spectral sequence).

[F2]

Under AC, submodules of arbitrary-rank free PID modules are free (A submodule of an arbitrary-rank free module over a PID is free).

[F3]

The published Künneth short exact sequence has the natural cross-product injection (The Kunneth theorem for free complexes over a PID).

[F4]

The published Künneth Tor-map lemma constructs, from the cycle-boundary presentations, the natural surjection from tensor-product homology onto the displayed direct sum of Tor groups (The Kunneth Tor map).

[F5]

AC supplies choices indexed by an arbitrary set (The Axiom of Choice).

Proof

1.1

The free presentation of any module by the free module on its underlying set has free kernel by F2. Under AC both free modules are projective, since one can lift the images of a basis across an epimorphism by F5. Thus every module has projective dimension at most one, and all Torp for p>1 vanish. In F1 all dr with r2 vanish because no two surviving columns can be joined by their first-coordinate change r. The finite filtration therefore has F0Hn equal to the tensor sum and Hn/F0Hn equal to the Tor-one sum.

F1F2F5
2.1

The column-zero map is induced by tensors of cycles, hence is the cross product in F3. To identify the other map, use the length-one presentations BiCZiCHiC from F2. In the construction of F1, a resolution-degree-one cycle projects to a class in BiCHjD killed by BiCZiC. Its representative is exactly the image under dC:Ci+1BiC tensored with the D cycle. The Koszul differential gives the positive dC term. This is precisely the cycle-boundary representative used in F4's construction of the natural Tor surjection. Consequently the spectral-sequence quotient map and the published Tor map agree on representatives, so the two exact sequences have the same arrows, not merely isomorphic endpoints.

F1F2F3F4step 1.1
3.1

For existence of a splitting, F2 and F5 allow choices of sections Bi1CCi and Bj1DDj in all degrees. They decompose each complex into the direct sum, locally finite in degree, of the two-term free presentations BiCZiC placed in degrees i+1,i, and similarly for D. Their tensor is the direct sum of tensor products of those length-one resolutions. Each such tensor contributes Tor in resolution degrees zero and one and zero in higher degrees, by step 1.1 and the balanced calculation in F1. Taking homology gives a direct-sum decomposition into the two displayed sums. Its tensor summand is the canonical cross product, and its complementary summand maps isomorphically to the quotient, so it supplies a section. This construction locates the use of AC in freeness, basis lifts and the chosen sections.

F1F2F5step 1.1step 2.1
4.1

Nonnaturality already occurs over Z. Take C1=ZaZb, C0=Zc, with da=2c,db=0, and D1=Zx, D0=Zy, with dx=2y, zero elsewhere. Degree-one cycles in the tensor are freely generated by u=by and t=aycx; the degree-two boundaries are generated by 2u and 2t. Hence H1(CD)=(Z/2)[u](Z/2)[t]. The tensor subobject is generated by [u] and the Tor quotient by the image of [t]. The chain automorphism aa+b, bb, cc acts identically on HC and both ends of the exact sequence, but sends [t][t]+[u]. Every lift of the quotient generator is [t]+ϵ[u], with ϵZ/2, and this automorphism fixes neither lift. A natural section would have to fix its image, which is impossible. Empty sums and zero complexes give the zero exact sequence; the same finite-filtration proof covers the bottom degree.

F3F4step 2.1step 3.1

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