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DefinitionDefinition: Literature-sourcedProof: Not applicablePipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6-sol)audited 2026-09-27
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Acyclic open cover for a sheaf

Definition

Assume the Axiom of Choice, let X be a topological space and let F be a sheaf of abelian groups on X, with sheaf cohomology Hq(W,F∣W) of an open subspace as in Sheaf cohomology as right derived global sections and acyclicity over an open subspace as in Gamma-acyclic abelian sheaf; the Axiom of Choice is assumed because these groups are formed from the supplied injective resolutions (The Axiom of Choice).

Let U=(Ui)i∈I be an open cover of X indexed by a linearly ordered set, with ordered Čech cochains C∙(U,F) (Ordered Čech cochain complex of a cover). The cover U is F-acyclic, or a Leray cover for F, when for every nonempty finite set of indices {i0,…,ip}⊆I the sheaf F is ΓW-acyclic on the open subspace W:=Ui0∩⋯∩Uip, that is, when Hq(W,F∣W)=0for every q>0, where F∣W is the restriction of F to the open subspace W (Restriction of a sheaf to an open subspace, Gamma-acyclic abelian sheaf).

Equivalently: F is ΓW-acyclic for every open set W⊆X that is a finite nonempty intersection of members of U. The single member case p=0 is included, so every member Ui is required to be such a W, and the condition involves only the open sets occurring in U and not the chosen linear order of the index set: reindexing U, or passing to a cover with the same members, does not change whether U is F-acyclic. An intersection Ui0∩⋯∩Uip that happens to be empty contributes no condition: the space W is then empty and every sheaf on it is the zero sheaf, because G(∅) is a singleton (A set-valued sheaf has a unique section over the empty open set), so Γ(W,−) is the zero functor, which is exact, and its positive derived functors vanish (An exact functor has vanishing positive derived functors).

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