Alphabeta Math
DefinitionDefinition: AI-adaptedProof: Not applicablePipeline-generatedaudited 2026-09-10
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Higher homotopy group by based cubes

Definition

Let I=[0,1], n1, and x0X. Write In for the points with at least one coordinate 0 or 1. The set πn(X,x0) consists of continuous a:InX with a(In)={x0}, modulo homotopies fixed on that entire boundary. This is a quotient by an equivalence relation by Homotopy relative to a fixed subspace, and path homotopy relative to endpoints, are equivalence relations.

The proposed product traverses a first in coordinate 1: (ab)(s,u)={a(2s,u)0s1/2,b(2s1,u)1/2s1. Here uIn1, absent when n=1. The constant map is denoted e and reversal is a(s,u)=a(1s,u). The following lemmas establish well-definedness and the group laws. For n=1 this is the convention of Based loops and the fundamental group. Separately, π0(X,x0) is the set of path components pointed by the component of x0; no group law on it is asserted.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

11 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources