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DefinitionDefinition: Literature-sourcedProof: Not applicablePipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6.1-sol)
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Representative functions on a compact group

Definition

Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let K be a compact Hausdorff topological group (Topological group: multiplication and inversion are continuous, Open cover, subcover, and compact topological space; a compact subset is a subspace that is compact in its own right, Hausdorff space: distinct points have disjoint open neighbourhoods; every metrizable space is Hausdorff and the indiscrete topology on two points is not) with normalized Haar probability measure μ (Normalized Haar probability on a compact group). A function f:K→C is a representative function when there are finitely many finite-dimensional continuous unitary representations π1,…,πr of K (Strongly continuous unitary representations, invariant linear subspaces and intertwiners), vectors vj,wj in the carrier of πj and scalars cj∈C with f=∑j=1rcj cvj,wjπj,cv,wπ(k)=⟨π(k)v,w⟩, the matrix coefficient convention of Matrix coefficient of a unitary representation, which is linear in v and conjugate-linear in w. We write R(K)⊆C(K,C) for the set of representative functions; by definition it is the linear span (Linear subspace of a vector space) of the matrix coefficients of the continuous finite-dimensional unitary representations of K, and each such coefficient is a continuous function by Matrix coefficient of a unitary representation, so the inclusion in C(K,C) is well defined.

Nonunitary finite-dimensional representations give nothing new. Let ρ on V be any continuous finite-dimensional complex representation of K, unitarizable by Averaging a Hermitian form unitarizes a finite-dimensional compact-group representation: there is an inner product h on V making ρ unitary. Fix any inner product h0 on V with orthonormal basis e1,…,ed and expand ρ(k)ej=∑iρij(k)ei. The functions ρij(k)=h0(ρ(k)ej,ei) are h0-matrix coefficients of ρ, and expanding v=∑jajej gives h(ρ(k)v,w)=∑i,jaj h(ei,w) ρij(k), a finite linear combination of the ρij with scalars independent of k; the converse containment is the same computation run with the roles of h and h0 exchanged. Hence R(K) is also the linear span of the matrix coefficients of all continuous finite-dimensional complex representations of K. No closure, completeness, density or point-separation property is asserted here.

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