How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Sum-check with explicit degree bounds
Definition
A sum-check instance consists of a supplied finite field , a fixed formal polynomial with , trusted nonnegative integer individual degree bounds satisfying for every , a claimed value , and trusted access to point evaluation of that same on . Zero polynomials satisfy every nonnegative bound. The claim is The field order is as in Finite fields and their order, the formal ring as in Polynomial rings in finitely many commuting indeterminates by iteration, and correctness uses the honest/universal-strategy quantifiers of Completeness and soundness of an interactive protocol.
Set . For each , in this order:
- Receive a coefficient list specifying , with . Reject a missing, malformed, non-field, or overlength message. The single coefficient represents zero; trailing zero coefficients are allowed up to the length cap.
- Check ; reject on failure.
- Only after that message is fixed and checked, draw a fresh independent uniform and put . Send to the prover if ; sending it when is optional.
Finally compute through the trusted evaluator and accept exactly when it equals and every earlier check passed. In particular still has a coefficient message, a fresh challenge, and a terminal comparison. The evaluator's answer is not an unchecked prover assertion.
For a fixed challenge prefix, the honest round polynomial is The cube of dimension zero has one empty tuple, so . Write A scalar claim at stage is true when . The honest prover sends . The input is not counted as an additional prover message.
Depends on
Used by
- One point evaluation for an exponentially large cube Counterexample
- A complete sum-check transcript over F₁01 Example
- False: the sum-check verifier enumerates the cube False statement
- A false sum-check claim rarely becomes true Lemma
- Perfect completeness of sum-check Lemma
- Sum-check verifier resources Lemma
Dependency tree · two levels
8 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Justin Thaler, Proofs, Arguments, and Zero-Knowledge (2023), §4.1 protocol box pp.33–36 (standard reference, not scraped)