How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
A regular level set in a Banach space
Example
Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let and be real Banach spaces (Banach space) and let be their topological direct sum, with bounded coordinate projections (A complemented closed subspace of a normed space), where the direct sum is second countable (Second countability: an at most countable basis for the topology) — for instance this holds whenever and are second countable, since the direct sum is a finite product (Assuming countable choice, a countable product of second countable spaces is second countable). Equip and with their standard maximal atlases, namely the maximal atlases containing their global identity charts. Then and are Banach manifolds in the sense of Countable base Banach manifold and smooth map, and the projection , , has every as a regular value in the sense of the regular value theorem (Regular value theorem for Banach manifolds): is smooth — a bounded linear map equals its own derivative everywhere — and at every point of its derivative is onto with complemented kernel. Each level set is the affine split submanifold
of , and its tangent space at every point is .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Real Banach spaces with second countable topological direct sum with bounded projections; the standard maximal smooth atlases on and ; and a point .
In a topological direct sum every has a unique decomposition with , , and the coordinate maps , are bounded linear operators; is the projection onto along (A complemented closed subspace of a normed space).
A bounded linear operator is differentiable everywhere with , and the regular value theorem applies to a smooth map whose derivative at every point of a level set is onto with complemented kernel when the domain carries the stated maximal atlas (Fréchet derivative between Banach spaces, Regular value theorem for Banach manifolds).
Verification
By [L1] the projection is bounded linear, so for every by [L2]; it is surjective because for every , and its kernel is (Linear subspace of a vector space), which is complemented in by the given direct sum.
For every one has for all , and conversely forces with ; hence , a translate of the subspace .
Since [step 1.1] verifies the hypotheses of the regular value theorem at every point of every level set, that theorem gives that each is a split smooth submanifold of with for all ; by [step 2.1] this submanifold is the affine set .
Every is therefore a regular value with the stated affine fibre and tangent space, which is the example's claim.
Depends on
- Second countability: an at most countable basis for the topology
- Assuming countable choice, a countable product of second countable spaces is second countable
- Countable base Banach manifold and smooth map
- Regular value theorem for Banach manifolds
- A complemented closed subspace of a normed space
- The Axiom of Choice
- Banach space
- Fréchet derivative between Banach spaces
- A bounded linear operator between normed spaces
- Linear subspace of a vector space
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
41 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Alberto Abbondandolo and Pietro Majer, Lectures on the Morse Complex — §2.11 (standard reference, not scraped)