How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Second countability: an at most countable basis for the topology
Definition
A topological space is second countable when its topology has a basis that is at most countable (Basis and subbasis for a topology, and the topology generated by a family of sets, Finite, countably infinite, countable, uncountable). Thus every open set is a union of members of one at most countable family .
Remarks
The basis is global. This differs from first countability, where the countable family is allowed to depend on the point.
Depends on
Used by
- A discrete embedded submanifold is locally closed and countable Corollary
- Locally finite Borel measures on second-countable LCH spaces are regular Corollary
- Topological recurrence on second-countable spaces Corollary
- Under choice, every regular T₁ second-countable space is metrizable Corollary
- Under choice, the five cardinal functions recover first countability, second countability, separability, Lindelöfness, and ccc at the ℵ₀ threshold Corollary
- A closed subspace of ell-infinity that is not complemented Counterexample
- An uncountable disjoint union of points is not second-countable Counterexample
- Countable base Banach manifold and smooth map Definition
- Topological manifolds with boundary Definition
- Topological manifolds without boundary: Hausdorff, second-countable, and locally Euclidean spaces Definition
- A locally integrable density functional is represented by g dlambda Example
- A projection with finite-dimensional kernel is Fredholm Example
- A regular level set in a Banach space Example
- An uncountable discrete space is metrizable and has a discrete basis, but is not second countable Example
- Assuming choice, the lower-limit plane is first countable, separable, and ccc, but not second countable or Lindelöf Example
- Under choice, the lower-limit line is regular and separable but not second countable and therefore not metrizable Example
- An arbitrary disjoint union of second-countable manifolds need not be second-countable False statement
- FALSE: every regular space is metrizable False statement
- Refuted: every first countable space is second countable False statement
- Refuted: every separable space is second countable False statement
- CH makes the nice refinement strongly hereditarily separable Lemma
- The germ neighborhoods form a Hausdorff, second-countable Riemann-surface atlas Lemma
- Countable disjoint unions of fixed-dimensional smooth manifolds are smooth manifolds Proposition
- Open subsets of Euclidean space have the standard smooth structure Proposition
- Products of smooth manifolds have a canonical product smooth structure Proposition
- Second countability is hereditary Proposition
- The equality B(X) tensor B(Y) = B(X x Y) needs second countability Remark
- Assuming countable choice, a countable product of second countable spaces is second countable Theorem
- Assuming countable choice, a metrizable space is second countable if and only if it is separable if and only if it is Lindelöf Theorem
- Assuming countable choice, every second countable space is Lindelöf Theorem
- Assuming countable choice, every second countable space is separable Theorem
- Every second countable space is first countable Theorem
- The Borel product of Rᵐ and Rⁿ is the Borel sigma-algebra of Rᵐ⁺ⁿ Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
8 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- UCR General Topology Notes (standard reference, not scraped)
- Second-countable space (Wikipedia) (standard reference, not scraped)