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The diagonal tensor action of C[C2] on trivial and sign modules

Example

Let C2={1,s} with s2=1, and let H=C[C2]. Let V=C be the trivial representation and W=C the sign representation, so s acts by +1 on V and by −1 on W. Use the group-algebra Hopf structure and its induced tensor action.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The group C2, its group algebra H, the one-dimensional vector spaces V,W, and the actions just stated.

[F1]

Group algebras, finite-group function algebras, and polynomial Hopf algebras: for every group G, kG is a Hopf algebra with multiplication extending the group law and Δ(g)=g⊗g, ε(g)=1, and S(g)=g−1 on basis elements.

[F2]

Hopf algebras and antipodes: a Hopf algebra is a bialgebra together with an antipode.

[F3]

Representations of unital associative algebras: a representation is a k-linear map preserving multiplication and the unit.

[F4]

Associative algebra representations are unital modules: these representations correspond to unital left-module actions by a⋅v=ρ(a)(v).

[F5]

The module category of a bialgebra and its tensor action: for left modules over a bialgebra, the tensor action is h⋅(v⊗w)=∑h(1)v⊗h(2)w when Δ(h)=∑h(1)⊗h(2).

[F6]

Symmetry and associativity isomorphisms for tensor products over a commutative ring: the canonical flip v⊗w↦w⊗v is an isomorphism of tensor products of modules over a commutative ring.

Verification

1.1givenF3F4algebraconstruct

Define ρV(1)=ρW(1)=1, ρV(s)=1, and ρW(s)=−1, and extend linearly from the basis {1,s}. These maps preserve products because the only nontrivial basis relation is s2=1 and both 12=(−1)2=1. Thus they are unital representations by [F3], hence left H-modules by [F4].

2.1givenF1F2F5step 1.1algebra

By [F1]–[F2], H is a bialgebra with Δ(1)=1⊗1 and Δ(s)=s⊗s. The action in [F5] sends 1 to the identity and sends s to −id⁡V⊗W, since s⋅(v⊗w)=(s⋅v)⊗(s⋅w)=v⊗(−w). This operator squares to the identity, so the algebra homomorphism H→End⁡C(V⊗W) determined on the basis 1,s gives a unital module action and agrees with the coproduct formula on that basis, hence on all of H.

3.1givenF5F6step 2.1algebra∎

The vector-space flip τ(v⊗w)=w⊗v is an isomorphism by [F6]. It is H-linear: for s, both τ(s⋅(v⊗w)) and s⋅τ(v⊗w) equal −w⊗v, while 1 acts identically. Linearity and the basis {1,s} give the intertwining identity for every h∈H. This is a symmetric swap for this example, not a claim that every bialgebra-module category is symmetric.

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