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The complex projective plane has nonzero w2 and no Spin structure

Statement

Assume full AC.

Let x=c1(γ∗) generate H2(CP2;Z), where γ is the tautological complex line. Then w2(TCP2)=ρ2(c1(TCP2))=ρ2(3x)=ρ2(x)≠0. Consequently the oriented tangent bundle of CP2 has no Spin lift.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Full AC, the complex orientation on CP2 and its tautological line.

[F1]

The Euler sequence computation gives c1(TCPn)=(n+1)x (The tangent bundle of complex projective space and its Pontryagin classes).

[F2]

H∗(CP2;Z)=Z[x]/(x3), with x a generator of H2 (Integral cohomology ring of complex projective space).

[F3]

For a complex bundle, w2(ER)=ρ2c1(E) (Mod-two reduction of Chern classes).

[F4]

The Schubert symbol formula gives one cell in each dimension 0,2,4 for CP2=Gr⁡1(C3) (Schubert cells in real and complex Grassmannians, Schubert cells give the stable Grassmannian CW structure). Cellular homology computes singular homology, and the cohomological universal-coefficient sequence is natural (Cellular homology computes singular homology, The universal coefficient theorem for cohomology over a PID, Singular cohomology with coefficients).

[F5]

An oriented real bundle admits a Spin lift exactly when its w2 vanishes (Spin structures exist exactly when w2 vanishes and then form an H1 torsor).

[A1]

Full AC is inherited through the characteristic-class and Spin-lift suppliers (The Axiom of Choice).

Proof

Given: CP2 and the stated generator x.

1.1A1F1algebra

By [F1] with n=2, c1(TCP2)=3x. The coefficient reduction ρ2 is a ring homomorphism, so ρ2(3x)=ρ2(x) because 3≡1(mod2).

1.2F2F4algebra

The CW structure in [F4] has cellular chains C4≅Z, C2≅Z, and C0≅Z, with all other groups zero. Every cellular boundary is zero because its target is zero, so cellular and singular homology give H2(CP2;Z)≅Z and H1=0. By UCT with integral coefficients, evaluation identifies H2(CP2;Z) with Hom⁡(Z,Z); since x is an integral cohomology generator by [F2], it evaluates as +1 or −1 on a homology generator. UCT with F2 coefficients identifies H2(CP2;F2) with Hom⁡(Z,F2), and naturality of coefficient reduction makes ρ2(x) evaluate as 1. Hence ρ2(x)≠0.

2.1A1F3F5step 1.1step 1.2∎

Applying [F3] to the complex tangent bundle and using steps 1.1–1.2 gives w2(TCP2)=ρ2(x)≠0. The manifold is complex-oriented, hence its tangent bundle is oriented; [F5] therefore implies that it admits no Spin lift. The coefficient group has characteristic two and no sign convention changes the nonzero class.

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