Alphabeta Math
ExampleConstruction: AI-adaptedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedaudited 2026-09-07
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

An exact top form with nonzero integral on a disk

Example

Assume ACω. On the closed unit disk D with its standard orientation dxdy, dxdy=d(xdy),Ddxdy=π=Dxdy. Thus an exact top form can have nonzero integral on a manifold with boundary. Its primitive xdy is not itself an exact one-form.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

The general Stokes theorem: Assume ACω. Let M be an oriented smooth n-manifold with boundary, n1, and let ηΩcn1(M). With j:MM and the outward-normal-first orientation, Mdη=Mjη. An empty boundary contributes zero; in dimension one its integral is a finite signed sum of point values.

[F2]

Computing form integrals by finite parametrizations: Let n1, let Mn be oriented, and let ωΩcn(M). For 1im let DiRn be bounded open Jordan domains and Fi:DiM continuous and smooth up to the boundary in target coordinates: near each parameter point, a target coordinate representative extends smoothly to a Euclidean neighborhood. Suppose FiDi is an orientation-preserving diffeomorphism onto an open WiM, the Wi are pairwise disjoint, and suppωiWi. Then Mω=i=1mDiFiω. An empty family is allowed when the support is empty. No nonsingularity of DFi on Di, and no M-valued extension across a genuine target boundary, is assumed.

Verification

Given: The objects and hypotheses in the statement above.

1.1

Differentiation gives d(xdy)=dxdy. Polar parametrization evaluates its disk integral as 02π01rdrdt=π. The coordinate extensions are smooth on the closed parameter rectangle, so the finite-parametrization formula applies.

F2algebra
2.1

The counterclockwise circle c(t)=(cost,sint) pulls xdy back to cos2tdt, with integral π. General Stokes equates these two integrals on compact D with outward-first orientation.

F1F2step 1.1
3.1

If xdy=dh on D for a smooth h, then in coordinates hx=0 and hy=x. Equality of smooth mixed partials would give 0=yhx=xhy=1, impossible in the disk interior. Thus the primitive is not exact, even though its derivative is an exact top form.

step 1.1algebra

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · two levels

11 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources