How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The Gaussian coupling bound is exact for a point mass
Example
For , denotes the probability measure concentrated at . For , write .
Fix an integer , a horizon , , , and . Take and constant scalar noise , so . Let be the Gaussian-smoothed law with density . For Borel probability laws with finite second moments, define as the square root of the infimum of the quadratic cost over all Borel couplings. Then
The coupling bound from the endpoint theorem is therefore an equality in this case.
Example references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The point-mass initial law, constant positive noise, and quadratic Wasserstein distance.
The full Axiom of Choice is inherited from the smoothing and coupling interfaces. The Axiom of Choice
For constant , the positive-time smoothed law of has Gaussian density . Gaussian-smoothed data law and transition density
The endpoint coupling estimate is . Gaussian smoothing converges weakly at the endpoint
is the infimum of quadratic costs among Borel couplings, and its arguments must have finite second moments. The Euclidean quadratic Wasserstein space
A random element's law is its probability pushforward, and the Euclidean product Borel sigma-algebra is the product sigma-algebra. Law or distribution of a random element The Borel product of R^m and R^n is the Borel sigma-algebra of R^{m+n}
Proof
Given: The example's parameters and the coupling definition in [F3].
The density in [F1] is the product of one-dimensional normal densities translated by . Each coordinate has mean and variance , so its second moment about is ; both laws therefore have finite second moments.
If is any coupling of and , its second marginal assigns mass one to , hence . Its quadratic cost is therefore There is at least one coupling: the continuous map pushes forward to a Borel probability on with marginals and by [F4]. Thus the infimum over all couplings equals this common cost. Taking the square root gives the stated equality. The endpoint bound [F2] has the same value because .
Depends on
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
33 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Gregory F. Lawler, Stochastic Calculus: An Introduction with Applications (standard reference, not scraped)
- John K. Hunter, Notes on Partial Differential Equations (standard reference, not scraped)