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Integrating the John-Nirenberg tail recovers the Lq oscillation bound
Example
Assume Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Let , and let be a cube. Using the layer-cake formula and the John-Nirenberg exponential bound, , with the zero-seminorm case giving ; this is the mechanism behind the equivalence of the oscillation seminorms.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable Choice, , and a cube , with the mean and seminorm of BMO seminorm and the quotient by constants.
The layer-cake formula applies to the measurable function on the finite-measure cube : for , (For 0 < p < infinity, the layer-cake formula computes the integral of |f|^p from the distribution function).
There are with for every ; if then is constant almost everywhere and the set is null for every (John-Nirenberg exponential inequality, BMO seminorm and the quotient by constants).
The resulting bound is the same one that establishes the equivalence of with (BMO oscillation norms in Lq are equivalent).
Verification
Writing , [L1] divided by gives the identity .
If , [L2] bounds for every , so the integral of step 1.1 is at most after the substitution ; the last integral is finite, so with the asserted bound follows.
If , then is constant almost everywhere by [L2], so for every and the integral of step 1.1 vanishes; in particular the bound of step 2.1 holds with both sides for any finite .
Steps 2.1 and 3.1 give for every cube, which is exactly the per-cube upper bound used in [L3]: taking -th roots and the supremum over yields the equivalence of the oscillation seminorms with the BMO seminorm.
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Used by
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Sources
- Mark Williams, Notes on Harmonic Analysis (January 11, 2022) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Juha Kinnunen, Harmonic Analysis (Aalto University lecture notes) (standard reference, not scraped)