How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Worked cases: double branched covers of the trefoil, figure-eight knot, and unknot
Example
For the right-handed trefoil and figure-eight knot, use their standard genus-one Seifert surfaces and the ordered bases whose positive-push Seifert matrices are, respectively, Their double branched covers have first homology and , respectively. The double branched cover of the unknot is .
Example references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Full AC and the matrices and knots specified in the Example.
Full AC is the choice-function axiom required by the double-cover presentation. The Axiom of Choice
For a positive-push Seifert matrix , . Homology of the double branched cover from a Seifert matrix
A square integer matrix with nonzero determinant has finite cokernel of order the absolute determinant; unimodular row and column operations preserve the cokernel. Finiteness and order of the cokernel of a square integer matrix
Proof
For the trefoil, . Swap its columns, add twice the first row to the second, then add twice the first column to the second; the result is . Each operation is unimodular, so [F1]–[F2] give .
For the figure-eight knot, . Swap its columns, subtract twice the first row from the second, then add twice the first column to the second; the result is . Thus its cokernel is .
For the unknot, the standard spanning disk has genus zero, so its Seifert matrix is empty and [F1] gives trivial first homology. To identify the whole cover, write and define . The image lies in because . Off , each target point has exactly two preimages, corresponding to the two square roots of its second coordinate; on it has one. The involution is the deck transformation, and in tubular coordinates about the transverse map is . Hence is the connected double branched cover of over the unknot, so the cover is .
Depends on
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
28 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Shin’ichi Saeki, Knot Theory Lecture Notes, Chapter 7: Seifert Matrices and Derived Invariants (standard reference, not scraped)
- Dale Rolfsen, Knots and Links (standard reference, not scraped)