How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
A regular Bernoulli submodel and its score
Example
Under the Axiom-of-Choice density convention of A dominated differentiable-in-quadratic-mean submodel, let and choose . On with the full power-set sigma-algebra and counting measure, let and for . This two-sided regular path, restricted to , is DQM at zero with score
which has and . The densities with respect to counting measure are displayed explicitly, so the finite-path calculation makes no choice of versions.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The Axiom of Choice, , and .
AC permits selecting representatives from an arbitrary family of nonempty sets (The Axiom of Choice).
A common-dominated path is DQM when its square-root densities have an first-order expansion with coefficient (A dominated differentiable-in-quadratic-mean submodel).
The score is an equivalence class in and DQM scores have mean zero (A DQM score has mean zero and is unique).
A probability measure is nonnegative and has total mass one (Probability measures and probability spaces).
The full power set is a sigma-algebra, and a measurable space is a set with a specified sigma-algebra (Sigma-algebras, Measurable spaces and measurable sets).
Counting measure assigns a finite set its cardinality; on the two-point sample space its total mass is two (Counting measure on an arbitrary set).
The counting set function is a measure, and a finite measure is sigma-finite by the one-set cover (Counting measure is a measure, Finite, sigma-finite, and semifinite measures).
For every , the square-root function is differentiable with derivative (Continuity and derivatives of positive-base real powers).
Verification
Every subset of and its complement lie in the full power set, and every countable union of such subsets is still a subset; thus the power set is a sigma-algebra by [F4], and with this sigma-algebra the sample set is a measurable space by [F4]. Counting measure on this two-point set is a measure of total mass two by [F5, F6], hence sigma-finite by the constant sequence of covers in [F6]. Its only null set is empty, so each is absolutely continuous with respect to it. The choice of ensures and throughout ; the displayed masses sum to one, so each is a probability measure.
Since , [F7] and the definition of derivative give and . These are exactly the two coordinates of for the stated ; because counting-measure on two points is the Euclidean norm, the combined remainder is . The density versions are explicit, so the calculation uses [A1]'s convention without a selection. Thus the path is DQM with this score by [F1].
Direct calculation gives and . Hence the score is in and has the stated variance.
Depends on
- A dominated differentiable-in-quadratic-mean submodel
- A DQM score has mean zero and is unique
- Mean-zero square-integrable functions
- The Axiom of Choice
- Measurable spaces and measurable sets
- Probability measures and probability spaces
- Sigma-algebras
- Counting measure on an arbitrary set
- Counting measure is a measure
- Finite, sigma-finite, and semifinite measures
- Continuity and derivatives of positive-base real powers
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
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