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The real 2-dimensional irreducible representation of C3 has endomorphism ring C

Example

Let C3=⟨g⟩, and let V=R2. Define A:=(−12−3232−12). Sending g to A makes V into a real 2-dimensional representation of C3. This representation is irreducible, and its endomorphism ring is a copy of C.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The cyclic group C3=⟨g⟩ and the matrix A above.

[L1]

A representation is irreducible exactly when it has no proper nonzero subrepresentation (Subrepresentations, direct sums of representations, and irreducibility).

[L2]
[L3]

The real numbers form an ordered field, and every nonzero square is positive (The reals form a totally ordered field, Squares of nonzero elements are positive).

Verification

technique · direct
1.1givenalgebra

A direct multiplication gives A2+A+I2=0, hence A3=I2. Therefore g↦A defines a real representation of C3=⟨g⟩ on V=R2.

1.2L2givenalgebra

Let T=(abcd). The condition TA=AT from [L2] is equivalent to c=−b and d=a, so the commuting endomorphisms are exactly the matrices (a−bba) with a,b∈R.

2.1step 1.1L1L3givenchoose

Let W⊆V be a nonzero invariant line, and choose 0≠v∈W. Then Av=λv for some λ∈R. Applying the polynomial identity from step 1.1 gives (λ2+λ+1)v=0, so λ2+λ+1=0. But 4(λ2+λ+1)=(2λ+1)2+3>0 by [L3], impossible. Hence no nonzero proper invariant line exists, so the representation is irreducible by [L1].

3.1step 1.2L4∎

The map Φ:C→End⁡C3(V) given by Φ(a+bi)=(a−bba) is bijective by the uniqueness in [L4], and the multiplication formula in [L4] matches matrix multiplication of these 2×2 matrices. Therefore End⁡C3(V) is a copy of C.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources