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Tor term in the homology of a product of real projective spaces
Example
Assume AC. There is an abstract isomorphism . Its order-two summand is the degree-three Tor correction from the two degree-one homology groups. The tensor cross products alone do not generate this group.
Facts & Assumptions
Real projective space cellular homology and the pinch map gives the integral homology of as in degrees zero through three and zero elsewhere.
Topological Kunneth short exact sequence for homology gives the tensor and Tor diagonals, and The homology Kunneth sequence splits nonnaturally splits their exact sequence.
The balanced Tor bifunctor computes Tor from supplied projective resolutions. Free modules are projective, with the exact choice boundary makes the displayed free modules projective. We assume The Axiom of Choice, including the AC/DC uses of [F2].
Proof
Given: , integral coefficients, total degree three and AC.
The pairs of nonnegative indices with sum three are . Using [F1], their tensor groups are respectively : tensor with zero is zero, and by multiplication with inverse . Thus the tensor diagonal is , generated by the top class of each factor crossed with a point in the other.
The Tor indices have sum two: . The outer pairs have a zero input and hence zero Tor, computed with the zero resolution in that variable. For the middle pair use the exact free resolution . Tensoring with makes its only differential multiplication by two, hence zero. Its degree-one homology is the kernel of that zero map, all of , with no incoming degree-two boundary. Therefore .
Substitution in [F2] gives . Let be a section supplied there. Then is nonzero since , and . Every class has a unique expression : take , then belongs to the image of the injective cross product . Uniqueness follows by applying and then injectivity of . This proves the asserted direct sum and exhibits its nonzero order-two class. Its choice depends on the section; the nonzero Tor quotient does not.
The witness cannot belong to the tensor image, since that image is the kernel of while . The two free generators cannot cancel this correction. The zero element of the Tor group lifts to zero under , and its sole nonzero element has order exactly two. The dimensions are fixed at three; no claim is made by substituting or an empty factor. AC is inherited from the Kunneth sequence and its splitting, and from its balanced-Tor convention; these finite resolution calculations introduce no additional choices.
Depends on
Used by
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Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Miller, section 25, product Kunneth calculations (standard reference, not scraped)