How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Total and strict transform of a line through the origin
Example
Let be a field and let be the line through the origin, of multiplicity at the origin. Let be the blowup of the origin with exceptional curve , and let be the strict transform of . Then the total transform is , the full preimage , while the strict transform is only the closure of the part of the preimage away from the origin. The line is isomorphic to and meets transversally in the single point of corresponding to the direction of ; in the other chart the strict transform has no points, because that chart meets only at the origin.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A field , the line through the origin, the blowup with exceptional curve , and the strict transform of .
Choice. The Axiom of Choice is inherited from the blowup construction; no further choice enters the two explicit charts below. (The Axiom of Choice).
Total transform of a Cartier divisor: The total transform is the Cartier pullback, with associated line bundle the pulled-back line bundle.
Strict transform of a closed subscheme: The strict transform of a closed subscheme under a blowup is the scheme-theoretic closure of the inverse image of the complement of the center; in a chart where the ideal of the exceptional divisor is invertible, it is the closed subscheme cut by the saturation of the inverse-image ideal by that ideal.
Total transform equals strict transform plus multiplicity times the exceptional divisor: If is a reduced curve on a regular surface with finite positive multiplicity at a closed point with , and is the blowup of with exceptional curve and strict transform , then as effective Cartier divisors on ; equivalently, the strict transform is defined by dividing a local equation of the total transform by the -th power of an exceptional equation on each chart.
The blowup of the plane at the origin as an incidence scheme: For the blowup of at the origin the two standard charts are and , each isomorphic to ; the exceptional curve is cut by in the first chart and by in the second, and its two affine-line chart pieces glue to .
Strict-transform equation by removing the maximal exceptional power: In the chart of the blowup of the origin, the total transform of a plane curve equation of multiplicity at the origin is the -th power of an exceptional equation times the strict transform: substituting one has with the leading form evaluated at , which is nonzero and hence not divisible by , and the strict transform is cut by in this chart.
Verification
In the first chart of [F4] write , so the chart ring is with and the exceptional curve is ; the line has local equation at the origin, and with , so by [F5] the total transform is cut by and the strict transform is cut by , the divided equation of multiplicity . The preimage of is the locus of this chart, whose closure is , and ; hence as effective Cartier divisors, in agreement with [F3], and restricts on to , an isomorphism onto .
In the second chart of [F4] write , so the chart ring is with and ; the line is , whose pullback there is itself with no residual factor, so no point of the strict transform lies in this chart. Indeed , so the defining saturated ideal is the unit ideal and the strict-transform chart is empty.
The two chart computations glue: steps 1.1 and 2.1 give as the closed subscheme cut by in the first chart and by the unit ideal in the second, and these descriptions agree on the overlap, where is empty; hence is the closure of the preimage of and is isomorphic to through . In the first chart and meet in the single reduced point , the point of with chart coordinate , which is exactly the direction of ; the two curves are the coordinate axes there, so they are regular with distinct tangent lines and meet transversally with contact order one.
Collecting the results: with multiplicity one along , the strict transform is isomorphic to and meets transversally in the single point of corresponding to the direction of , the strict transform has no points in the second chart, and the total transform is the full preimage of . This is exactly the assertion of the statement.
Depends on
- The Axiom of Choice
- Total transform of a Cartier divisor
- Strict transform of a closed subscheme
- Total transform equals strict transform plus multiplicity times the exceptional divisor
- Strict-transform equation by removing the maximal exceptional power
- The blowup of the plane at the origin as an incidence scheme
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
33 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Ravi Vakil, Foundations of Algebraic Geometry, June 27, 2011 draft (author-hosted 'Early (out-of-date) version of The Rising Sea') (standard reference, not scraped)
- Roman Bezrukavnikov et al., MIT 18.725 Algebraic Geometry (Fall 2015) consolidated lecture notes (standard reference, not scraped)