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Normalization and blowup are different operations
Statement refuted
False claim: normalizing a curve and blowing up the ambient surface are the same operation.
The cuspidal cubic shows that the two operations have different finiteness and different domains of definition: the normalization is finite and changes only the curve, while a point blowup of the plane is proper but not finite and changes the whole surface; a single point blowup does normalize this particular cusp, but not every curve is normalized by a point blowup.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A field of characteristic (or different from ), the plane , the cuspidal cubic with singular point the origin , its normalization , and the blowup .
Choice. The Axiom of Choice is assumed as inherited from the normalization and blowup constructions used by the cited items. (The Axiom of Choice).
Normalization of a reduced curve is finite: Every reduced curve of finite type over has a finite normalization morphism , unique up to unique isomorphism over .
First blowup of the cusp y^2=x^3: Blowing up the origin of the cusp , in the chart with the total transform is , so the strict transform is the parabola , which is regular and meets at the single point ; the other chart contributes no further intersection.
Blowing up a rational point of a smooth surface: The blowup of a smooth surface at a -rational point is smooth with exceptional curve ; over an affine neighbourhood the blowup is the incidence subscheme with charts and , an isomorphism away from the center.
Finite morphisms of schemes: A finite morphism has finite fibres; a morphism whose fibre over a point is positive-dimensional is not finite.
A proper quasi-finite morphism is finite: A proper quasi-finite morphism of schemes is finite.
Normalization is unchanged under finite birational maps of reduced curves: A finite birational morphism of reduced curves induces an isomorphism of their normalizations.
Birational morphisms of integral finite-type schemes: For integral finite-type schemes over , birationality means that the generic point maps to the generic point and the induced function-field map is an isomorphism. An isomorphism over a nonempty dense open gives these properties.
embedding dimension and regular local ring: A Noetherian local ring is regular when its embedding dimension equals its dimension.
Finite-variable polynomial algebras over fields are integrally closed: A polynomial algebra over a field is integrally closed; its localizations are integrally closed as well, so is normal and its normalization is the identity.
Blowing up a point on a singular surface need not be smooth: For the curve the first chart of the point blowup is , whose local ring at the origin is not regular, so that point blowup does not normalize the curve.
Blowups of finite type ideals are locally H-projective, and proper and Strict transform of a closed subscheme: The blowup is proper over its base. The strict transform is a closed subscheme of the scheme-theoretic inverse image of the curve.
Counterexample
The normalization of is : the map , , , is finite and birational (source and target have the same function field , since ), and is regular, hence normal; by the uniqueness clause of [F1], and is the normalization. The curve itself is not regular at the origin: the local ring has dimension one while its cotangent space is two-dimensional, spanned by and because ; by [F8] it is not regular, so is not an isomorphism.
The blowup is proper over by [F11], and is an isomorphism away from the origin, a dense open, hence birational. It is not finite: its fiber over the origin is , positive-dimensional, whereas a finite morphism has finite fibers. This is relative properness; the blowup of the affine plane is not asserted proper over .
The strict transform is the normalization of for this cusp: by [F2] the strict transform is the smooth parabola , regular and meeting in one point, and the induced morphism is proper and quasi-finite: it is the composition of the closed immersion with the base change of the proper morphism , and its fibers are singletons away from the origin and finite at the origin, hence finite by [F5], and birational; by [F6] it induces an isomorphism of normalizations over . Thus a single ambient point blowup does normalize this cusp, while [F9] shows that the normalization of the ambient plane is the identity and changes only the curve: the two operations act on different objects, and one is finite while the other is not.
A point blowup need not normalize a curve: for the strict transform after blowing up the origin is still singular by [F10], so no point blowup of that center normalizes it; this completes the contrast between normalization and point blowups.
Depends on
- The Axiom of Choice
- Normalization of a reduced curve is finite
- Blowup of a scheme along an ideal sheaf
- Blowing up a rational point of a smooth surface
- First blowup of the cusp y^2=x^3
- Birational morphisms of integral finite-type schemes
- A proper quasi-finite morphism is finite
- Normalization is unchanged under finite birational maps of reduced curves
- Blowups of finite type ideals are locally H-projective, and proper
- Strict transform of a closed subscheme
- Finite morphisms of schemes
- Blowing up a point on a singular surface need not be smooth
- embedding dimension and regular local ring
- Finite-variable polynomial algebras over fields are integrally closed
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Ravi Vakil, Foundations of Algebraic Geometry, June 27, 2011 draft (author-hosted 'Early (out-of-date) version of The Rising Sea') (standard reference, not scraped)
- The Stacks Project, Divisors, Sections 31.33-31.36 (Blowing up; Strict transform; Admissible blowups; Blowing up and flatness) (standard reference, not scraped)