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False statementConstruction: AI-adaptedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-27
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Repeating constraints amplifies the gap

Statement

Duplicating every constraint of a CSP instance the same number of times strictly increases its unsatisfaction fraction.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: the value conventions of Constraint graph and labeling value and a nonzero number of repetitions r≥1.

[F1]

A constraint system consists of a finite list of constraints; for a labeling σ the value val⁡σ(G) is the fraction of listed constraints satisfied, so duplicated constraints count with multiplicity, and UNSAT⁡σ(G)=1−val⁡σ(G) with UNSAT⁡(G)=min⁡σUNSAT⁡σ(G) (Constraint graph and labeling value).

[F2]

Gap-preserving reductions are compared through unsatisfaction fractions, so any operation that preserves the fraction of violated constraints for every labeling preserves UNSAT⁡ of the system (Complete uniform gap-preserving CSP reductions).

Refutation

technique · direct
1.1

Let G have M constraints and let G(r) be the system obtained by listing every constraint of G exactly r times, r≥1. If M=0, both lists are empty and the value convention of [F1] gives unsatisfaction zero for every labeling in both systems. If M>0, fix a labeling σ and let v be the number of constraints of G violated by σ: the list G(r) has rM constraints and exactly rv of them are violated, so UNSAT⁡σ(G(r))=rv/(rM)=v/M=UNSAT⁡σ(G); taking the minimum over labelings gives UNSAT⁡(G(r))=UNSAT⁡(G), never a strict increase.

F1F2algebra
1.2

The failure is nonvacuous. Take the alphabet Σ:={0,1}, the one-vertex constraint graph V:={x1} with the two loops of Constraint graph and labeling value: the loop carrying the relation R1:={(0,0),(1,1)}, which every labeling of x1 satisfies, and the loop carrying the empty relation R2:=∅, which every labeling violates. Then G has M=2 constraints, every labeling violates exactly one of them, and UNSAT⁡(G)=1/2; after repeating each constraint r times every labeling violates exactly r of the 2r listed constraints, so UNSAT⁡(G(r))=1/2 for every r≥1.

F1algebra
2.1

So the false statement fails at the witness of step 1.2 for every r≥1, and by step 1.1 no instance whatsoever has its unsatisfaction fraction changed by an equal repetition of its constraints. What an amplification step needs instead is a change of the variables and constraints, not a reweighting of the existing list: the powering of Constraint graph powering with local-view labels and the comparison families of the assignment-tester construction are of this genuinely different kind.

step 1.1step 1.2F1∎

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources