Alphabeta Math
False statementConstruction: AI-adaptedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

SH is not equivalent to CH

Statement refuted

FALSE: The Suslin Hypothesis is equivalent to the continuum hypothesis.

Assuming external Con(ZFC), the two implications already fail separately in consistent extensions of the theory:

Con(ZFC+SH+¬CH),Con(ZFC+CH+¬SH).

These are joint relative-consistency statements. Separate consistency of ZFC+SH and ZFC+¬SH would not by itself control CH and would not refute the claimed equivalence.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: external Con(ZFC) and the fixed proof predicates and contradiction sentence. All theory extensions use the same literal CH and SH formulas.

[F1]

Externally, consistency of ZFC implies consistency of ZFC+MA+¬CH, without a claim of a PA-verified uniform reduction. Externally fixed-fragment relative consistency of MA and not CH

[F2]

ZFC proves that MA+¬CH implies SH. MA plus not CH implies SH

[F3]

The L-interpretation dispatcher translates ZFC+GCH proofs to ZF by a primitive-recursive map whose totality and checker acceptance PA verifies. Finite-fragment interpretation in L with GCH

[F4]

ZF has fixed proofs that L satisfies every selected ZFC+V=L axiom. Semantic and formal inner-model theorem for L

[F5]

ZF proves that V=L implies diamond on ω1. V equals L implies diamond

[F6]

In ZFC, diamond implies CH. Diamond implies CH

[F7]

ZF proves that V=L yields a normal splitting Suslin tree. V equals L gives a Suslin tree

[F8]

In ZFC, a Suslin tree yields a strong-convention Suslin line. A Suslin tree yields a Suslin line

[F9]

SH says that no such Suslin line exists, so a supplied line witnesses its literal negation. The Suslin Hypothesis and Suslin algebras

[F10]

A base-verified total map from target refutations to source refutations yields the corresponding formal consistency implication. Formal consistency transfer from a verified reduction

[F11]

External consistency means that no actual certified finite refutation of the fixed contradiction exists. The standard certified provability predicate

[F12]

The verified L proof transformation includes the fixed terminal block that converts a relativized contradiction into the selected ZF contradiction. Formal consistency of ZFC plus GCH relative to ZF

[A1]

Choice is available in the ZFC object theories and internally in L; the metatheoretic finite proof splices make no family choice. The Axiom of Choice

Counterexample

1.1

Put TmathrmMA=ZFC+MA+¬CH and S0=ZFC+SH+¬CH. By [F1], the given consistency hypothesis makes TMA externally consistent. Fix the finite TMA proof of SH supplied by [F2]. If S0 had a certified finite refutation, replace every occurrence of its added SH axiom by a fresh copy of that fixed proof; its ZFC and ¬CH axiom lines already belong to TMA. The resulting finite derivation would refute TMA, contrary to [F1] and [F11]. Hence S0 is consistent. It asserts SH and ¬CH together, so it refutes the implication SHCH. Zero, one, or repeated SH-axiom occurrences are handled by the same finite splice.

F1F2F11givenconstruct
1.2

Build the other branch inside the verified L-interpretation. By [F4], there are fixed ZF proofs that internally L satisfies ZFC, V=L, and AC. Translate [F5] and then [F6] inside L to obtain one fixed certified ZF proof dCH of CHL. Independently, translate [F7] and [F8] inside L and use [F9] to obtain one fixed certified ZF proof d¬SH of (¬SH)L. These are literal guarded relativizations in the fixed calculus, with capture-free substitutions. Object-level Choice is used inside L by the diamond, tree and tree-to-line suppliers as recorded in [A1]; ambient ZF makes no family choice here.

F4F5F6F7F8F9A1construct
2.1

Let S1=ZFC+CH+¬SH. Extend the verified dispatcher [F3] by two decidable axiom tags: on the CH tag return the constant block dCH, and on the ¬SH tag return d¬SH. Retain the existing ZFC branches, capture guards, malformed-input tautology, and the terminal relativized-contradiction block supplied by [F12]. Two finite case branches and two constant certified blocks preserve primitive recursiveness, and PA verifies their line-prefix checker acceptance. Thus PA verifies a total map sending every certified S1 refutation first to a ZF refutation and then, by identical axiom lines, to a ZFC refutation. Zero or repeated occurrences of either added axiom reuse the same dispatcher branches.

F3F10F11F12step 1.2construct
3.1

Apply [F10] to the map of step 2.1, with source ZFC and target S1. It yields PACon(ZFC)Con(S1), and therefore the required external consistency consequence. The theory S1 asserts CH and ¬SH, so it refutes CHSH. This is a syntactic consistency transfer through L, not an extraction of a transitive model from consistency.

F10F11step 2.1
4.1

By steps 1.1 and 3.1, under external Con(ZFC) there is a consistent extension refuting SHCH and a consistent extension refuting CHSH. A certified ZFC proof of either implication would also be a proof in the corresponding extension and, together with that extension's two added axioms, would give a fixed propositional refutation. Hence ZFC proves neither implication and cannot prove SHCH. The empty or malformed proof-code cases do not witness derivability; each joint theory has both advertised axioms, including CH and SH in opposite truth patterns. No actual generic or set model is inferred. The only Choice uses are already inside the two ZFC branches and internally in L; the final proof-code transformations use finite recursion only.

F11A1step 1.1step 3.1

Remarks

  • The MA branch supplies SH with CH false; the constructible branch supplies CH with SH false. Neither branch claims that its axiom pattern holds in the ambient universe.
  • The combined L dispatcher is essential. Con(ZFC+CH) and Con(ZFC+¬SH) separately would not imply consistency of their union.

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

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Sources