How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
SH is not equivalent to CH
Statement refuted
FALSE: The Suslin Hypothesis is equivalent to the continuum hypothesis.
Assuming external , the two implications already fail separately in consistent extensions of the theory:
These are joint relative-consistency statements. Separate consistency of ZFC+SH and ZFC+SH would not by itself control CH and would not refute the claimed equivalence.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: external and the fixed proof predicates and contradiction sentence. All theory extensions use the same literal CH and SH formulas.
Externally, consistency of ZFC implies consistency of ZFC+MA+CH, without a claim of a PA-verified uniform reduction. Externally fixed-fragment relative consistency of MA and not CH
ZFC proves that MA+CH implies SH. MA plus not CH implies SH
The -interpretation dispatcher translates ZFC+GCH proofs to ZF by a primitive-recursive map whose totality and checker acceptance PA verifies. Finite-fragment interpretation in L with GCH
ZF has fixed proofs that satisfies every selected ZFC+ axiom. Semantic and formal inner-model theorem for L
ZF proves that implies diamond on . V equals L implies diamond
In ZFC, diamond implies CH. Diamond implies CH
ZF proves that yields a normal splitting Suslin tree. V equals L gives a Suslin tree
In ZFC, a Suslin tree yields a strong-convention Suslin line. A Suslin tree yields a Suslin line
SH says that no such Suslin line exists, so a supplied line witnesses its literal negation. The Suslin Hypothesis and Suslin algebras
A base-verified total map from target refutations to source refutations yields the corresponding formal consistency implication. Formal consistency transfer from a verified reduction
External consistency means that no actual certified finite refutation of the fixed contradiction exists. The standard certified provability predicate
The verified proof transformation includes the fixed terminal block that converts a relativized contradiction into the selected ZF contradiction. Formal consistency of ZFC plus GCH relative to ZF
Choice is available in the ZFC object theories and internally in ; the metatheoretic finite proof splices make no family choice. The Axiom of Choice
Counterexample
Put and . By [F1], the given consistency hypothesis makes externally consistent. Fix the finite proof of SH supplied by [F2]. If had a certified finite refutation, replace every occurrence of its added SH axiom by a fresh copy of that fixed proof; its ZFC and CH axiom lines already belong to . The resulting finite derivation would refute , contrary to [F1] and [F11]. Hence is consistent. It asserts SH and CH together, so it refutes the implication SHCH. Zero, one, or repeated SH-axiom occurrences are handled by the same finite splice.
Build the other branch inside the verified -interpretation. By [F4], there are fixed ZF proofs that internally satisfies ZFC, , and AC. Translate [F5] and then [F6] inside to obtain one fixed certified ZF proof of . Independently, translate [F7] and [F8] inside and use [F9] to obtain one fixed certified ZF proof of . These are literal guarded relativizations in the fixed calculus, with capture-free substitutions. Object-level Choice is used inside by the diamond, tree and tree-to-line suppliers as recorded in [A1]; ambient ZF makes no family choice here.
Let . Extend the verified dispatcher [F3] by two decidable axiom tags: on the CH tag return the constant block , and on the SH tag return . Retain the existing ZFC branches, capture guards, malformed-input tautology, and the terminal relativized-contradiction block supplied by [F12]. Two finite case branches and two constant certified blocks preserve primitive recursiveness, and PA verifies their line-prefix checker acceptance. Thus PA verifies a total map sending every certified refutation first to a ZF refutation and then, by identical axiom lines, to a ZFC refutation. Zero or repeated occurrences of either added axiom reuse the same dispatcher branches.
Apply [F10] to the map of step 2.1, with source ZFC and target . It yields and therefore the required external consistency consequence. The theory asserts CH and SH, so it refutes CHSH. This is a syntactic consistency transfer through , not an extraction of a transitive model from consistency.
By steps 1.1 and 3.1, under external there is a consistent extension refuting SHCH and a consistent extension refuting CHSH. A certified ZFC proof of either implication would also be a proof in the corresponding extension and, together with that extension's two added axioms, would give a fixed propositional refutation. Hence ZFC proves neither implication and cannot prove SHCH. The empty or malformed proof-code cases do not witness derivability; each joint theory has both advertised axioms, including CH and SH in opposite truth patterns. No actual generic or set model is inferred. The only Choice uses are already inside the two ZFC branches and internally in ; the final proof-code transformations use finite recursion only.
Remarks
- The MA branch supplies SH with CH false; the constructible branch supplies CH with SH false. Neither branch claims that its axiom pattern holds in the ambient universe.
- The combined dispatcher is essential. Con(ZFC+CH) and Con(ZFC+SH) separately would not imply consistency of their union.
Depends on
- Externally fixed-fragment relative consistency of MA and not CH
- MA plus not CH implies SH
- Finite-fragment interpretation in L with GCH
- Formal consistency of ZFC plus GCH relative to ZF
- Semantic and formal inner-model theorem for L
- V equals L implies diamond
- Diamond implies CH
- V equals L gives a Suslin tree
- A Suslin tree yields a Suslin line
- The Suslin Hypothesis and Suslin algebras
- Formal consistency transfer from a verified reduction
- The standard certified provability predicate
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
58 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Karagila, Forcing & Symmetric Extensions, Section 7, printed pp. 34-38 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Monk, Set theory following Jech, Theorem 15.42, printed p. 277 (standard reference, not scraped)