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An LKB kernel braid fixes every standard adjacent edge up to isotopy
Statement
Assume AC. Fix the standard configuration: punctures on the real axis of the disk , boundary points in the lower half-plane, standard edges for , and standard noodles winding around and no other puncture, crossing the real axis twice. If a boundary-fixed homeomorphism of represents an element of the kernel of , then for every the arc is isotopic relative to to ; in particular fixes each up to isotopy and preserves the labelling of the punctures.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: the standard configuration, the standard edges and standard noodles , each winding around and no other puncture; a homeomorphism fixing pointwise with and representing a class in .
For the proof use auxiliary singleton crosscuts with DISTINCT boundary endpoint pairs, not a pairwise-disjoint family of common-endpoint noodles. Join the lower boundary point to the real punctures by straight tethers; their interiors are disjoint and each meets the real axis only at its terminal puncture. In a small boundary half-disk fan out their initial germs to disjoint boundary intervals, in their cyclic order. Thin closed polygonal/circular neighborhoods of the resulting disjoint tethers are disks meeting in disjoint intervals, containing exactly . Choose the widths below the finitely many positive separations from the other tethers, punctures and nonincident . Their inner boundaries are pairwise disjoint proper crosscuts; misses and for . This is finite standard geometry. Bigelow's Figure 3 supplies individual singleton noodles, not the impossible common-endpoint disjointness assertion formerly used here.
(Basic Lemma; Bigelow 2001, Lemma 2.3.) A kernel braid preserves for every noodle and fork. Use the exact closed-first-argument identity of The fork-noodle pairing is well defined and equivariant: choose the closing neighborhoods for disjoint from both and , whose compact images avoid the punctures. Then is a closed replacement for the image fork, with its closing parts disjoint from . Since the kernel acts as identity on absolute , Cancel in the Laurent domain. No kernel action on the end-relative noodle class is presumed.
Fork detection transports to arbitrary boundary crosscuts detects disjoinability of the tine from by the exact absolute/end-stable pairing . A kernel element fixes , so also fixes this scalar pairing, for every ; this uses no kernel action on the second class. Closing neighborhoods can be chosen to miss and , as in [F2].
Minimal-position representatives and the arc bigon criterion, proof 2.1–4.1, gives simultaneous disjoining from a finite DISJOINT family of proper crosscuts when each is individually disjoinable. Its clean bigon moves are ambient and fix . Under AC, Jordan–Schönflies extension for plane curves also supplies the finite relative graph/face construction for a disk and an embedded arc; this extends a prescribed arc map while fixing the outer boundary and the marked endpoint vertices. The construction is the relative graph/face construction in the minimal-position supplier and its declared general-arc prerequisite.
For one has by the Artin presentation, and is free of rank one by The integral LKB module is free of rank n choose two; the standard generator acts on it by the unit (Bigelow 2001, Theorem 4.1, case in the source's parameter). Hence , which is the identity only for , because in forces .
Proof
For , [F5] forces a kernel braid to be the identity class, proving both edge fixing and label preservation. For , the braid group is trivial and there are no edges. Hence assume . Fix and a standard fork with tine . For each , choose its closing neighborhoods small enough to miss ; its compact replacement pairs to zero with because the tine is disjoint and the closing pieces also miss the crosscut. The kernel fixes that absolute class. The image replacement therefore still pairs to zero; [F3] makes individually disjoinable from each . By [F4] isotope this one arc simultaneously off all those crosscuts. No previously arranged edge is invoked or trimmed.
Each separates a disk containing only from all other punctures. A connected arc disjoint from it whose two distinct ends are punctures cannot have an end : otherwise the entire arc would lie in that component and there would be no possible second puncture end. Consequently The disjoined arc lies in the remaining closed disk obtained by removing the interiors of the caps for , with their crosscut boundaries retained. This disk has exactly two marked interior points and also contains .
In a disk with exactly two marked interior points, every simple arc joining them is isotopic, as an unoriented image, to any other. Here is the relative construction rather than a simply-connectedness assertion about the punctured disk. Extend each such arc by two access arcs to distinct boundary points, yielding a crosscut and an outer-circle graph. Prescribe the target graph map to the corresponding graph for the original arc, fixing the outer boundary and taking the two ordered marked vertices to themselves; relative Schoenflies on the Jordan faces extends it to an orientation-preserving marked disk homeomorphism . The two-point mapping-class theorem identifies with a power of its standard half twist, because . That half twist has a representative supported around the target arc and preserves its image. Thus an isotopy from to that representative applied to the target arc takes the original image to the target image, with both marked points fixed during the isotopy whenever fixes them: its power is then even. Extend the isotopy of by identity over the removed caps, since it fixes . This proves relative to all of .
Repeat the independent argument for every , obtaining both its edge image class and its unordered endpoint pair. The pairs for intersect in the singleton , so their preserved images force and then , . Each subsequent pair forces the next puncture fixed. Thus every label is preserved. Once this is known, the edge isotopies in step 2.1 may also be parametrized from to : any final increasing interval reparametrization is corrected by . The lemma claims the individual edge classes; simultaneous pointwise spine fixing is proved by its separate boundary-twist consumer.
Depends on
- The fork-noodle pairing detects essential intersections
- The Lawrence-Krammer-Bigelow representation
- Braid group as boundary-fixed punctured-disk mapping classes
- Minimal-position representatives and the arc bigon criterion
- The Axiom of Choice
- The fork-noodle pairing is well defined and equivariant
- The integral LKB module is free of rank n choose two
- The lexicographic order on fork-noodle deck monomials
- Fork detection transports to arbitrary boundary crosscuts
- Jordan–Schönflies extension for plane curves
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
66 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Bigelow, Braid groups are linear, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 14 (2001) 471-486 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Farb and Margalit, A Primer on Mapping Class Groups, version 5.0 author draft (standard reference, not scraped)