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The full boundary twist acts on LKB by the scalar q to two n t squared

Statement

Assume AC. Let Δ2 be the full twist of Bn and let ρLKB be the representation of The Lawrence-Krammer-Bigelow representation. Then the normalized lift of Δ2 acts on the absolute module H2(C~;Z) by the scalar q2nt2: ρLKB(Δ2)=q2nt2id⁡,ρLKB(Δ2k)=q2nkt2kid⁡  (k∈Z). For n≥2, the scalar q2nkt2k equals the identity of GL(n2)(Λ) only for k=0. Equivalently, in Krammer's fraction-field model with basis xij one has Δxn+1−j,n+1−i=tqi+j−1xij, and applying this identity twice multiplies every basis element by t2q2n. For n=1 the absolute module is zero and every scalar induces its identity; the detection clause is not asserted in that rank.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: the full twist Δ2 of Bn, the representation ρLKB of The Lawrence-Krammer-Bigelow representation, and the Krammer fraction-field model V=⨁i<jΛxi,j of Krammer's seven-case formula (Krammer 2002, Section 3).

[F1]

(Krammer 2002, Lemma 3.2.) In the fraction-field model over Λ⊆K=Q(q,t) one has Δxn+1−j,n+1−i=tqi+j−1xij for all 1≤i<j≤n.

[F2]

The integral LKB module is free of rank n choose two together with Bigelow 2002, Section 4.2: the natural map H2(C~;Z)→K⊗ΛH2(C~;Z) is injective, and there is a Bn-module isomorphism K⊗ΛH2(C~;Z)≅K⊗ΛV after extending scalars; the two integral lattices are not identified.

[F3]

Bigelow 2001, Section 3.2 (final paragraph) records the geometric check ⟨N1,F⟩=−q and ⟨N,(Δ2)k(F)⟩=−q(q2nt2)k in the source's sign convention, exhibiting the same scalar q2nt2.

Proof

1.1F1givenalgebra

For n=1 the representation definition supplies the zero absolute module; all stated action identities hold there, without detecting any exponent. For the remaining proof assume n≥2. The scalar identity in the fraction-field model. Fix 1≤i<j≤n and write i′=n+1−j, j′=n+1−i, so that 1≤i′<j′≤n and the assignment (i,j)↦(i′,j′) is an involution of the set of pairs. Applying [F1] to the pair (i,j) gives Δxi′j′=tqi+j−1xij; applying [F1] to the pair (i′,j′) gives Δxij=tqi′+j′−1xi′j′, because the pair associated with (i,j) is again (i′,j′). Combining the two identities, Δ2xi′j′=Δ(tqi+j−1xij)=tqi+j−1Δxij=tqi+j−1⋅tqi′+j′−1xi′j′=t2q2nxi′j′, since i′+j′=2n+2−i−j, so i+j−1+i′+j′−1=(i+j)+(i′+j′)−2=2n. As (i′,j′) runs over all pairs, every basis element of the fraction-field model is an eigenvector of Δ2 with eigenvalue t2q2n, so (ρK(Δ))2=t2q2nid⁡, a matrix identity whose entries lie in Λ.

2.1F2step 1.1algebra

Transfer to the absolute integral module. By [F2] the scalar extension K⊗ΛH2(C~;Z) is isomorphic to K⊗ΛV as a Bn-module, and the isomorphism intertwines the two actions of Δ2. Hence step 1.1 shows that Δ2 acts on K⊗ΛH2(C~;Z) by the scalar q2nt2. Let x∈H2(C~;Z). The normalized lift of Δ2 gives ρLKB(Δ2)x∈H2(C~;Z) because the action preserves the integral lattice, and by definition of the scalar extension its image in K⊗ΛH2(C~;Z) equals q2nt2 times the image of x. Both classes lie in the image of the integral lattice, and the natural map is injective by [F2]; therefore ρLKB(Δ2)x=q2nt2x already in H2(C~;Z). As x was arbitrary, ρLKB(Δ2)=q2nt2id⁡.

3.1step 2.1algebra

Powers and nontriviality. Multiplying the scalar identity, for every k≥0 one has ρLKB(Δ2k)=(q2nt2)kid⁡=q2nkt2kid⁡; the same identity with k=−1 follows by inverting the scalar q2nt2, and inverting again gives the stated formula for every k∈Z. Since n≥2, the free module has a nonzero basis vector. If q2nkt2k were the identity matrix, equality on that vector would imply the two Laurent monomials q2nkt2k and q0t0=1 would be equal in Λ; distinct monomials with distinct exponent vectors are distinct elements of Λ, so (2nk,2k)=(0,0) and k=0.

4.1F3step 3.1algebra∎

The Bigelow sign convention. The source's geometric computation [F3] exhibits the eigenvalue of (Δ2)k on the class of the standard N1-fork as a unit multiple of (q2nt2)k; the two computations agree on the scalar q2nt2 and differ only in the fixed unit contributed by the normalization of the pairing, which is immaterial for the matrix identity above.

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