How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The Morita data satisfy the bicategory coherence axioms
Statement
The data of The Morita bicategory of rings and bimodules satisfy the bicategory axioms of Bicategories, pseudofunctors, and biequivalences. Explicitly: for a -bimodule , a -bimodule , and a -bimodule the canonical associativity isomorphisms are natural isomorphisms of bimodules the unitors and are natural isomorphisms; the pentagon and triangle identities hold; and horizontal composition of bimodule maps, , is a functor on hom-categories that preserves identities and composition. Consequently the composition functors, associator, and unitors make the Morita data a genuine bicategory: every tensor is a finite sum of elementary tensors, on which the coherence diagrams are checked, and the two sides of each diagram agree on all elements. No commutativity of the rings and no choice are used.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The Morita data of The Morita bicategory of rings and bimodules: objects are unital rings; has the -bimodules as objects and the simultaneously left -linear and right -linear maps as morphisms; the identity 1-cell of is ; composition is on a -bimodule and a -bimodule , with on maps.
The composite of a -bimodule with a -bimodule carries induced commuting outer actions and is a -bimodule, and its elementary tensors satisfy and (A commuting outer scalar action descends to a tensor product, -bimodules and commuting left and right scalar actions).
There is a canonical group isomorphism with ; it is natural in and respects every compatible outer module action (Associativity of tensor products for compatible bimodules).
There are canonical group isomorphisms , , and , , natural in the module and respecting every displayed outer module structure (The regular module is a tensor unit: and ).
For module maps and the tensor map is a well-defined homomorphism with , compatible with outer actions, preserving identities and composition: and (Module homomorphisms induce tensor-product homomorphisms functorially, A commuting outer scalar action descends to a tensor product).
Every element of a tensor product is a finite sum of elementary tensors, and the balancing relation holds; two additive maps out of a tensor product agreeing on all elementary tensors are equal (The tensor product from the additive group underlying the free -module on , elementary tensors, and finite tensor sums).
Proof
(The associator is a natural bimodule isomorphism.) For a -bimodule , a -bimodule and a -bimodule , the map of [F2] is a group isomorphism sending to . It respects the outer actions by [F2], and both sides are -bimodules with the induced actions of [F1], so is an isomorphism of -bimodules, natural in each variable by [F2].
(The unitors are natural bimodule isomorphisms.) For a -bimodule , [F3] applied to the left -module gives , , and applied to the right -module gives , ; both are group isomorphisms, respect the outer actions by [F3] and are natural in . These are the unitors of the Morita data at the identity 1-cells and .
(Horizontal composition is a functor.) For rings the assignment sending a pair to and a pair of bimodule maps to the bimodule map is well defined on objects and morphisms by [F1] and [F4]. It preserves identities and composition by the two laws of [F4], and it is functorial in each variable by the same formulas, hence a functor on the product of hom-categories.
(Pentagon.) Let be a -, -, - and -bimodule. Both sides of the pentagon identity are maps of -bimodules built from the associators of step 1.1 and whiskered identities, hence additive and action-preserving. On an elementary tensor a direct computation shows that both paths perform the same rebracketing: the left-hand path gives first and then , while the right-hand path gives successively , then , then the same element . Since the domain is generated additively by elementary tensors by [F5], the two maps are equal.
(Triangle.) Let be a -bimodule and a -bimodule. Both sides of the triangle identity are maps ; on an elementary tensor the composite sends it to , while sends it to , and these agree by the balancing relation of [F5]. By [F5] the two maps agree on the whole tensor product.
(Assembly.) Step 1.3 gives the composition functors with their functoriality, steps 1.1 and 1.2 give the associator and the two unitors as natural bimodule isomorphisms with the correct variances, and steps 2.1 and 2.2 verify the pentagon and triangle identities, every coherence equation being checked on elementary tensors and extended by additivity. All maps are the canonical tensor isomorphisms, no element outside the given modules is selected, and no commutativity of rings is assumed.
Depends on
- The Morita bicategory of rings and bimodules
- Bicategories, pseudofunctors, and biequivalences
- Associativity of tensor products for compatible bimodules
- The regular module is a tensor unit: $R\otimes_RN\cong N$ and $M\otimes_RR\cong M$
- A commuting outer scalar action descends to a tensor product
- Module homomorphisms induce tensor-product homomorphisms functorially
- The tensor product $M\otimes_R N$ from the additive group underlying the free $\mathbb Z$-module on $M\times N$, elementary tensors, and finite tensor sums
- $(S,R)$-bimodules and commuting left and right scalar actions
Used by
- Composition of Deligne kernels is balanced tensor product Corollary
- Graded Eilenberg-Watts respects bicategorical coherence Corollary
- Tensoring defines a schematic pseudofunctor with interchange Lemma
Cited to discharge well-definedness by The Morita bicategory of rings and bimodules.
Dependency tree · two levels
25 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- N. Johnson and D. Yau, 2-Dimensional Categories, Example 2.1.26 (Bimod) and Definition 2.1.3 (bicategory axioms, printed p.32f) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Fuchs-Schaumann-Schweigert, Eilenberg-Watts calculus for finite categories, introduction (bimodules as 1-cells and tensoring as composition) (standard reference, not scraped)