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The Morita data satisfy the bicategory coherence axioms

Statement

The data of The Morita bicategory of rings and bimodules satisfy the bicategory axioms of Bicategories, pseudofunctors, and biequivalences. Explicitly: for a (D,C)-bimodule H, a (C,B)-bimodule G, and a (B,A)-bimodule F the canonical associativity isomorphisms are natural isomorphisms of bimodules αH,G,F:(H⊗CG)⊗BF⟶H⊗C(G⊗BF); the unitors B⊗BF≅F and F⊗AA≅F are natural isomorphisms; the pentagon and triangle identities hold; and horizontal composition of bimodule maps, (g,f)↦g⊗f, is a functor on hom-categories that preserves identities and composition. Consequently the composition functors, associator, and unitors make the Morita data a genuine bicategory: every tensor is a finite sum of elementary tensors, on which the coherence diagrams are checked, and the two sides of each diagram agree on all elements. No commutativity of the rings and no choice are used.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Morita data of The Morita bicategory of rings and bimodules: objects are unital rings; Bimod(A,B) has the (B,A)-bimodules as objects and the simultaneously left B-linear and right A-linear maps as morphisms; the identity 1-cell of A is AAA; composition is N⊗BM on a (C,B)-bimodule N and a (B,A)-bimodule M, with (g,f)↦g⊗f on maps.

[F1]

The composite of a (D,C)-bimodule with a (C,B)-bimodule carries induced commuting outer actions and is a (D,B)-bimodule, and its elementary tensors satisfy d(m⊗n)=(dm)⊗n and (m⊗n)b=m⊗(nb) (A commuting outer scalar action descends to a tensor product, (S,R)-bimodules and commuting left and right scalar actions).

[F2]

There is a canonical group isomorphism αM,N,P:(M⊗RN)⊗SP→M⊗R(N⊗SP) with α((m⊗n)⊗p)=m⊗(n⊗p); it is natural in M,N,P and respects every compatible outer module action (Associativity of tensor products for compatible bimodules).

[F3]

There are canonical group isomorphisms λN:R⊗RN→N, r⊗n↦rn, and ρM:M⊗RR→M, m⊗r↦mr, natural in the module and respecting every displayed outer module structure (The regular module is a tensor unit: R⊗RN≅N and M⊗RR≅M).

[F4]

For module maps g and f the tensor map g⊗f is a well-defined homomorphism with (g⊗f)(m⊗n)=g(m)⊗f(n), compatible with outer actions, preserving identities and composition: 1⊗1=1 and (g′∘g)⊗(f′∘f)=(g′⊗f′)∘(g⊗f) (Module homomorphisms induce tensor-product homomorphisms functorially, A commuting outer scalar action descends to a tensor product).

[F5]

Every element of a tensor product is a finite sum of elementary tensors, and the balancing relation (mr)⊗n=m⊗(rn) holds; two additive maps out of a tensor product agreeing on all elementary tensors are equal (The tensor product M⊗RN from the additive group underlying the free Z-module on M×N, elementary tensors, and finite tensor sums).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1F2given

(The associator is a natural bimodule isomorphism.) For a (D,C)-bimodule H, a (C,B)-bimodule G and a (B,A)-bimodule F, the map αH,G,F:(H⊗CG)⊗BF→H⊗C(G⊗BF) of [F2] is a group isomorphism sending (h⊗g)⊗f to h⊗(g⊗f). It respects the outer actions by [F2], and both sides are (D,A)-bimodules with the induced actions of [F1], so αH,G,F is an isomorphism of (D,A)-bimodules, natural in each variable by [F2].

1.2F1F3given

(The unitors are natural bimodule isomorphisms.) For a (B,A)-bimodule F, [F3] applied to the left B-module F gives λF:B⊗BF→F, b⊗f↦bf, and applied to the right A-module F gives ρF:F⊗AA→F, f⊗a↦fa; both are group isomorphisms, respect the outer actions by [F3] and are natural in F. These are the unitors of the Morita data at the identity 1-cells BBB and AAA.

1.3F1F4given

(Horizontal composition is a functor.) For rings A,B,C the assignment c sending a pair (G,F)∈Bimod(B,C)×Bimod(A,B) to G⊗BF∈Bimod(A,C) and a pair of bimodule maps (g,f) to the bimodule map g⊗f is well defined on objects and morphisms by [F1] and [F4]. It preserves identities and composition by the two laws of [F4], and it is functorial in each variable by the same formulas, hence a functor on the product of hom-categories.

2.1F5step 1.1givenalgebra

(Pentagon.) Let K,H,G,F be a (E,D)-, (D,C)-, (C,B)- and (B,A)-bimodule. Both sides of the pentagon identity are maps ((K⊗DH)⊗CG)⊗BF→K⊗D(H⊗C(G⊗BF)) of (E,A)-bimodules built from the associators of step 1.1 and whiskered identities, hence additive and action-preserving. On an elementary tensor ((k⊗h)⊗g)⊗f a direct computation shows that both paths perform the same rebracketing: the left-hand path gives first (k⊗h)⊗(g⊗f) and then k⊗(h⊗(g⊗f)), while the right-hand path gives successively (k⊗(h⊗g))⊗f, then k⊗((h⊗g)⊗f), then the same element k⊗(h⊗(g⊗f)). Since the domain is generated additively by elementary tensors by [F5], the two maps are equal.

2.2F5step 1.1step 1.2givenalgebra

(Triangle.) Let G be a (C,B)-bimodule and F a (B,A)-bimodule. Both sides of the triangle identity are maps (G⊗BB)⊗BF→G⊗BF; on an elementary tensor (x⊗b)⊗y the composite (1G∗λF)∘αG,BBB,F sends it to x⊗(by), while ρG∗1F sends it to (xb)⊗y, and these agree by the balancing relation xb⊗y=x⊗by of [F5]. By [F5] the two maps agree on the whole tensor product.

3.1step 1.1step 1.2step 1.3step 2.1step 2.2∎

(Assembly.) Step 1.3 gives the composition functors with their functoriality, steps 1.1 and 1.2 give the associator and the two unitors as natural bimodule isomorphisms with the correct variances, and steps 2.1 and 2.2 verify the pentagon and triangle identities, every coherence equation being checked on elementary tensors and extended by additivity. All maps are the canonical tensor isomorphisms, no element outside the given modules is selected, and no commutativity of rings is assumed.

Depends on

Used by

Cited to discharge well-definedness by The Morita bicategory of rings and bimodules.

Dependency tree · two levels

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