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Chacon partial maps extend to an invertible map mod null sets
Statement
Assume AC. The partial translations of the normalized Chacon towers determine an invertible Lebesgue-probability-preserving transformation modulo null sets. There is a measurable conull on which both directions are everywhere defined and measurable and . Extending by the identity off gives an ambient measure-preserving map.
Facts & Assumptions
The towers and consecutive-level translations are defined with height and width Chacon three cut one spacer towers.
Translation preserves Lebesgue measurability and measure Lebesgue outer measure, Lebesgue measurability and Lebesgue measure are unchanged by translation.
Countable unions of measurable null sets are null Finite and countable subadditivity of measures.
Increasing measurable unions have measure equal to the supremum Continuity from below for measures.
Invertibility modulo null sets means an actual measurable invariant conull restriction with measurable inverse Invertible measure-preserving systems.
Assume AC The Axiom of Choice.
Proof
Given: The finite Chacon towers under AC.
Put and . On each of its finitely many levels is a translation to the next level of the same width. Thus it is a measurable measure-preserving bijection with measurable inverse. At stage zero both sets are empty. At the next stage each old non-top arrow restricts to the three corresponding third-to-third arrows; the remaining new arrows connect column tops to the next bases or spacer. Thus , and extends , as do their inverses.
The complement of either or has measure . Hence and are conull by continuity from below. Compatible unions give a bijection . Partition into the measurable pieces (with ), subdivided by the finitely many level pieces of . On each it is a translation; the images are disjoint because the union map is injective. Countable additivity and F2 therefore prove that images and preimages of measurable sets are measurable and have the same measure in the two domains. This also proves measurability of both directions.
Define and recursively . Each is measurable and null by step 2.1 and induction. Thus is measurable and null. Put . If and , then , impossible. The analogous implication using shows . Hence both directions preserve and restrict to measurable inverse bijections there.
On measure preservation is inherited from step 2.1. Define the ambient map to be the identity on its measurable null complement. This map and its inverse are measurable by the two-piece definition; preimages differ from their preimages only by null subsets of that complement, so it preserves Lebesgue probability. It satisfies exactly F5's conull restriction convention. AC is used through the finite-tower measure assertions and hence the Lebesgue measure properties, with no selection of arbitrary pointwise inverses.
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Used by
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Sources
- Sarig Problem 3.8(1–2) p.101 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Katok–Thouvenot construction pp.696–697 (standard reference, not scraped)