Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-09
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

A classical morphism pulls Zariski closed sets back to closed sets

Statement

An affine-target morphism ϕ:U→Y pulls every Zariski closed subset of Y back to a relatively closed subset of U, hence is continuous. The zero set of every regular function on any open of an affine algebraic set is relatively closed. For every open W⊆Y and every regular function s on W, s∘ϕ is regular on ϕ−1(W).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: An algebraically closed field k, an open U in an affine algebraic set X, an affine algebraic target Y, and a morphism ϕ:U→Y in the global-pullback definition.

[F1]

Closed subsets of Y are simultaneous coordinate polynomial zero loci (Classical affine zero loci form the Zariski closed sets).

[F2]

Regular functions are locally quotients of polynomial functions (A regular function on an open subset of a classical affine variety).

[F3]

Global regular functions pull back to regular functions (A morphism from an open subset of a classical affine variety to an affine variety).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F2given

If r is regular on an open U and r(x)≠0, write r=a/b near x with b nowhere zero. Intersect that neighbourhood with D(a); it is a neighbourhood of x where r is nowhere zero. Thus the nonvanishing set of r is open, and its zero set is relatively closed in U.

2.1F1F3step 1.1

Write C=Y∩V(S). Each coordinate polynomial restricted to Y is globally regular (its denominator is 1), so F3 makes its pullback regular. Therefore ϕ−1(C) is the intersection of their closed zero sets by step 1.1. This proves continuity, including empty and full closed sets.

3.1F2F3step 1.1step 2.1algebra∎

For x∈ϕ−1(W), take a neighbourhood W0⊆W of ϕ(x) where s=g/h with h nowhere zero. On the open ϕ−1(W0), g∘ϕ,h∘ϕ are regular and the latter is nowhere zero. Near x, write them as a/b,c/d with b,d nonzero. Shrink further to where c≠0 using step 1.1. Then s∘ϕ=ad/(bc) is a valid local quotient, proving the local pullback property.

Sources

Source comparison: Milne, Algebraic Geometry, v6.10, §3d and Proposition 3.26, pp. 64–67. Conventions here distinguish arbitrary affine algebraic sets from nonempty irreducible varieties.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

10 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources