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Compatible arbitrary pi fence reduction
Statement
From a nonzero Π^j class represented by a generic finite-crossing loop, at every sufficiently small upper height one obtains after at most N subword cuts an essential lower loop with a coherent genuinely closed/null right family whose lifts are simple at EVERY positive parameter.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A nonzero limitwise-nullhomotopy () class of a leaf represented by a generic finite-crossing loop on a chosen transverse side, with a coherent closed/null family over represented by its full cyclic word and an essential initial loop at parameter .
The sibling-pair items lem-a-leafwise-loop-has-a-finite-transverse-double-point-representative and lem-fixed-transverse-fences-have-a-finite-crossing-word represent the class by a generic finite-crossing loop with a fixed finite word of eligible crossing pairs; actual collisions at a height may be a subset, and cuts are retained only on their common closed/null interval; the sibling-pair item lem-finite-chart-surface-normal-forms-supply-jordan-disks-and-torsion-free-groups supplies the finite cellulation used for the finite generator and overlap system. Their exact uses are flagged in steps 1.1 and 5.1 below.
The limitwise-nullhomotopic classes form a well-defined normal subgroup of the based fundamental group. A nonzero class here means a nonidentity element of that subgroup, hence an essential loop in the ambient leaf fundamental group; it does not mean a nonzero class in the quotient by (Limitwise-nullhomotopy predicate descends to a normal subgroup).
The universal cover of a leaf is simply connected, so a closed lifted loop in it bounds a nullhomotopy and the projection of a closed subpath of a closed lifted loop is null-homotopic in the base leaf (Universal covering spaces).
The in-pair item A closed null fence word has an essential lower endpoint states that the maximal downward common interval of two closed/null cut words has closed endpoints and at least one essential factor unless their product initial loop is null; its exact use is flagged in step 3.1.
The standing assumption is Countable Choice as recorded for this pair (The countable-choice principle used in the foliation pair).
Proof
Start with the essential initial loop at and the closed/null family on represented by the full cyclic word of [F1]. If every positive level of the family has a simple lift to the universal cover of its leaf, terminate. Otherwise choose one positive parameter at which the lift has a self-intersection; its actual lifted double point is one eligible marked pair. It splits the source word into two parameterized subpaths , which are loops only at heights where the corresponding endpoints coincide; their genuine closed/null interval is selected in the next steps.
At both and are closed and null: each is the projection of a closed subpath of the closed lifted loop, and the universal cover is simply connected by [F3]. By finite compact-cap persistence in foliation boxes both remain closed and null on a neighbourhood of , so the set of parameters near on which both are closed and null is a nonempty interval ending at .
Let be the maximal common downward interval on which both and are closed and null relative to the current fence interval . At both loops are closed by continuity. If and both were null at , finite compact-cap persistence for both would extend the interval below , contradicting maximality; if and both were null, then their product would make the current initial essential loop null, contradicting [F2] and the essentiality of the initial representative. Hence at least one factor is essential at by [F4]. Choose such a factor, retain only the family on , and rebase and rescale it.
The new initial leaf need not be the old one, but the family stays on the same chosen transverse side and every positive displacement is genuinely closed and null; the rank of its cyclic word is strictly smaller by the finite-double-point representative of [F1]. Repeat the operation only when an actual positive-level lift is nonsimple; there are at most such operations, and at termination every positive lift is simple, because otherwise another rank-decreasing operation would be possible. Since the initial parameter belongs to the half-open interval, choosing arbitrarily small makes the reduced essential initial leaf arbitrarily close to ; no cut is projected below its common closed/null interval and no closedness of nullness is assumed.
At termination round the finitely many switched corners jointly before making regular cap charts: choose small target plaque boxes at the switch vertices, disjoint from every other retained zero-level arc except the two adjacent half-arcs, replace each corner by a regular joining arc, and transport the replacement by the prescribed transverse plaque label. The replacement is homotopic relative its two port collars and preserves nullness and essentiality; it creates no lifted collision because it is embedded in its small plaque box where no other retained arc lies; and it can be normalized back to one fixed fence by unique transverse roots and finite homotopy invariance of , so all sufficiently small positive lifted boundaries remain simple and the boundary circles are genuinely rather than tacitly rounded corners. All operations are finite, hence only the standing countable choice from [F5] is used.
Depends on
- The countable-choice principle used in the foliation pair
- Finite general position for a leafwise loop
- Fixed transverse fences and their finite crossing words
- A closed null fence word has an essential lower endpoint
- Finite surface normal forms, Jordan disks, and torsion control
- Limitwise-nullhomotopy predicate descends to a normal subgroup
- Universal covering spaces
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
52 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- S. P. Novikov, The Topology of Foliations (complete English translation) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Mark Brittenham, Foliations and the Topology of 3-Manifolds, classes 11-20 (standard reference, not scraped)