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Conditional continuity equations pass to the marginal path

Statement

Let λ, π, and ρ be as in the conditional probability-path definition, and let u be a jointly measurable vector field. Suppose that for π-almost every x1, ρ and each component of ρu are continuously differentiable in (t,x) and satisfy the classical coordinate equation ∂tρt+∑j=1d∂xj(ρtutj)=0 on (0,1)×Rd. This is an explicit algebraic hypothesis; for general λ it is not the definition of measure transport. Suppose also that for every compact K⊂(0,1)×Rd there is a nonnegative GK∈L1(π) which, for π-almost every x1, bounds on K the absolute values of ρt(x∣x1), ∂tρt(x∣x1), each component of ρt(x∣x1)ut(x∣x1), and each derivative ∂xj(ρtutj)(x∣x1). If pt(x)>0 on (0,1)×Rd, define Jt(x):=∫Rdρt(x∣x1)ut(x∣x1) π(dx1),ut(x):=Jt(x)pt(x). Then ∂tpt and each indicated flux derivative ∂xjJtj exist and are continuous locally in (t,x), and the marginal continuity equation ∂tpt(x)+∑j=1d∂xj ⁣(pt(x)utj(x))=0 holds on (0,1)×Rd. The domination hypothesis is a sufficient Leibniz condition for the time and spatial derivatives to pass through the x1 integral.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The conditional path and field, the conditional continuity equation, local C1 regularity, local integrable domination in the endpoint variable, and positivity of the mixture density as stated.

[F1]

Probability paths and velocity fields: pt(x)=∫ρt(x∣x1) π(dx1). The classical coordinate equation and the local regularity used here are separate hypotheses in the Statement.

[F2]

The mean value theorem, as the case g(x)=x of Cauchy's: for f continuous on [a,b] with a<b and differentiable on (a,b) there is c∈(a,b) with f(b)−f(a)=f′(c)(b−a): if a real function is continuous on a closed interval and differentiable in its interior, some interior derivative equals its endpoint difference quotient.

[F3]

Dominated convergence: pointwise convergence under one integrable majorant permits passage of a sequence of integrals to the limit.

[F4]

The Lebesgue integral is linear on L1(μ): the integral is linear for integrable scalar components.

Proof

Given: The hypotheses in the Statement.

1.1givenF1F2F3

Fix a compact neighborhood K of an interior point (t,x). The bounds on ρ and ρu make pt(x) and Jt(x) finite, so positivity makes the quotient well-defined. For any sequence of nonzero increments hn→0 small enough that the time segment from t to t+hn stays in K, the mean value theorem [F2] bounds the difference quotient of ρt+hn(x∣x1)−ρt(x∣x1) by GK(x1). The quotient converges for π-almost every x1 to ∂tρt(x∣x1). Dominated convergence [F3] therefore gives ∂tpt(x)=∫Rd∂tρt(x∣x1) π(dx1). The same argument for each flux component on its spatial coordinate segment gives ∂xjJtj(x)=∫Rd∂xj ⁣(ρt(x∣x1)utj(x∣x1))π(dx1). The local continuity of these derivatives follows from their pointwise continuity in (t,x) and the same integrable majorant.

2.1givenF1F4step 1.1algebra∎

Integrate the conditional continuity equation over π. All terms are integrable by GK, so linearity [F4] and the identities of step 1.1 yield ∂tpt(x)+∑j=1d∂xjJtj(x)=∫Rd(∂tρt(x∣x1)+∑j=1d∂xj(ρtutj)(x∣x1))π(dx1)=0. By definition Jt=ptut wherever pt>0, proving the marginal continuity equation.

Source notes

The source proofs explicitly require differentiation under the endpoint integral. This item states local integrable domination for every derivative it exchanges and derives those exchanges from the mean value theorem and dominated convergence.

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