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For finite-dimensional complex V, the intertwiners V→W are exactly the fixed points of V∗⊗W

Statement

Let G be a finite group, let V and W be finite-dimensional complex representations of G, and let

Φ:V∗⊗CW⟶Hom⁡C(V,W)

be the natural isomorphism of For finite-dimensional V, the canonical map V∗⊗FW→Hom⁡F(V,W) is an isomorphism, sending f⊗w to the map v↦f(v)w. Then Φ is an intertwiner between the diagonal representation on V∗⊗W and the conjugation representation on Hom⁡C(V,W), and it carries the fixed subspace (V∗⊗W)G bijectively onto Hom⁡G(V,W).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Finite-dimensional complex representations V and W of a finite group G.

[F1]

The dual action is (g⋅f)(v)=f(g−1⋅v) (The dual or contragredient complex representation).

[F2]

The diagonal action on the tensor product is g⋅(f⊗w)=(g⋅f)⊗(g⋅w) (The tensor product of two complex representations).

[F3]

The fixed subspace of a representation is the set of vectors fixed by every g∈G (The fixed subspace VG of a representation).

[F4]

Intertwiners are the linear maps T with T(g⋅v)=g⋅T(v) for all g,v (Intertwiners, the spaces Hom⁡G(V,W) and End⁡G(V), equivalent representations, and faithful representations).

[F5]

The map (f,w)↦[v↦f(v)w] induces a natural isomorphism Φ:V∗⊗CW→Hom⁡C(V,W) (For finite-dimensional V, the canonical map V∗⊗FW→Hom⁡F(V,W) is an isomorphism).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1F2given

For an elementary tensor f⊗w and v∈V, Φ(g⋅(f⊗w))(v)=Φ((g⋅f)⊗(g⋅w))(v) by [F2], and this equals (g⋅f)(v)(g⋅w)=f(g−1⋅v)(g⋅w) by [F1].

2.1F5step 1.1algebra

The right-hand side of step 1.1 is g⋅(f(g−1⋅v)w)=g⋅(Φ(f⊗w)(g−1⋅v)), which is the value at v of the conjugation action on the linear map Φ(f⊗w). Since elementary tensors span the tensor product, Φ is an intertwiner of representations.

3.1F3step 2.1given

An element of V∗⊗W is fixed by G exactly when its image under Φ is fixed by G, because Φ is a bijective intertwiner of step 2.1; so Φ((V∗⊗W)G)=Hom⁡C(V,W)G by [F3].

4.1F4step 3.1algebra∎

A linear map T is fixed by the conjugation action of every g exactly when g⋅T(g−1⋅v)=T(v) for all g,v, i.e. when T(g⋅v)=g⋅T(v); by [F4] this says precisely that T∈Hom⁡G(V,W). Hence Hom⁡C(V,W)G=Hom⁡G(V,W), which combines with step 3.1 into the claim.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources