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Finite independent Laplace noise has product density
Statement
Assume Countable Choice. For and a finite integer , the finite product probability law on has Lebesgue density
where . Its coordinate projections are independent and each has law .
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: , a finite integer , and the finite product conventions in the Statement.
Countable Choice is inherited from the one-dimensional exponential/Laplace density construction; no stronger choice principle is used here.
One-dimensional density: has density .
Finite product sigma-algebra is generated by measurable rectangles.
Products of sigma-finite measures exist, are sigma-finite, and have the rectangular product formula. Finite iteration applies both to Lebesgue measures and to probability measures.
Tonelli's theorem permits repeated integration of nonnegative product-measurable functions over the finite product.
Density measure: integrating a nonnegative measurable function over events defines a measure.
Measure uniqueness identifies sigma-finite measures that agree on a generating pi-system under its stated hypotheses.
Independent random elements are random elements whose generated sigma-algebras are independent.
The exponential addition formula gives for all real ; repeated application combines any finite sum in the exponent.
Proof
Define ; the equality factoring the exponential of a finite sum uses [F8]. The function is nonnegative and product-measurable. Repeated application of [F4] gives , using [F1] for each one-dimensional integral. By [F5], is therefore a probability measure.
For a measurable rectangle , repeated Tonelli integration [F4] gives . The finite product law has this same rectangle value by [F3]. Rectangles form a generating pi-system by [F2], and the constant sequence of whole-space rectangles is an increasing exhaustion with mass one for both measures, so [F6] identifies with on the entire product sigma-algebra. Taking unrestricted factors equal to gives the stated coordinate marginals and factorization for every finite subfamily of coordinate events. These are exactly the events in the generated coordinate sigma-algebras, so the projections are independent by [F7].
Depends on
- Laplace noise has its stated Lebesgue density
- The exponential addition formula $\exp(x+y)=\exp(x)\exp(y)$
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- The product sigma-algebra and its finite iterates
- For sigma-finite factors, the product measure exists, has the rectangle formula, is sigma-finite, and is unique
- Tonelli's theorem for nonnegative measurable functions on a sigma-finite product
- Measures agreeing on a generating pi-system are equal under an increasing finite-measure exhaustion from that pi-system
- The indefinite integral of a nonnegative measurable function is a measure
- Independent random elements
Used by
- Laplace mechanism privacy Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
49 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Cynthia Dwork and Aaron Roth, The Algorithmic Foundations of Differential Privacy (standard reference, not scraped)
- Salil Vadhan, The Complexity of Differential Privacy, 2017 manuscript (standard reference, not scraped)