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Generic Boolean filters select ground-model joins
Statement
Work in ZF. Let be a transitive set model of ZF, let be a Boolean algebra which regards as complete and nontrivial, and let be an externally supplied -generic forcing filter, ordered by the Boolean order. Then is a proper Boolean ultrafilter. For every with ,
The superscript indicates joins and meets computed in . These conclusions apply to ground-model families only; itself need not be in . No existence of or , no external completeness of , and no form of Choice are assumed.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: as in the statement, with nonzero conditions stronger when smaller in the Boolean order.
A generic filter meets every ground-model dense subset of its forcing order; density is absolute for these transitive-model parameters. (Dense open sets and generic filters over a model)
A forcing filter is nonempty, upward closed and internally downward directed. (Forcing preorders, compatibility and filters)
Completeness gives every ground set join and meet, with empty bounds zero and one, and meets defined by complementation of joins. (Completeness, regular opens, and order continuity)
The Boolean order and bounded distributive identities hold for all elements of the algebra. (Boolean algebras and their order)
Proof
Every element of and each of its Boolean operation values lies in , by transitivity. The operation tables and their finite identities agree internally and externally. Since is nonempty and upward closed, ; by its domain . If , F2 gives a nonzero below both. The Boolean meet bounds above and is nonzero, so . Thus is a proper Boolean filter.
Let be a subset of and set . This is also the least upper bound among the actual elements of : every candidate upper bound lies in and the bounding relation quantifies only over the identical sets and . Put , a set in . To prove density, fix . If , then . If , some satisfies : otherwise every , making by leastness and contradicting this case. The nonzero meet extends into . Thus is dense.
Fix . The set belongs to by Separation. It is dense: if , this meet extends into ; otherwise distributivity gives . F1 makes meet , and upward closure implies or . Both cannot hold, since their meet is zero. Hence decides every element and is a proper ultrafilter.
If , meet using F1. A member of below would contradict properness, so the meeting condition lies below some and upward closure gives . Conversely and imply . This proves both join directions. If , and , as required.
Put . The complemented family belongs to by Replacement. If , every is above , so . Conversely suppose but . Step 2.1 puts in , and step 2.2 gives some with , contradicting . For empty this says ; for singleton the equivalence is immediate. The only family to which join selection was applied is a member of , so this proves no assertion for arbitrary external subsets of . Every witness was used individually in an existence proof; no family of witnesses was selected.
Depends on
Used by
- Boolean truth for a supplied generic extension Lemma
- Generic evaluation of bounded measurable functions by rational cuts Lemma
- Random-coordinate pullback extends every fair-coin product measure Lemma
- Solovay measure on all ground-set subsets in a supplied generic extension Lemma
- The inaccessible random algebra preserves cardinals and makes the continuum kappa Lemma
- ZFC and ordinal preservation for supplied transitive Boolean generic extensions Lemma
- Supercompact preparation interface Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
2 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Karagila, Forcing, generic-filter definitions pp.2–4; local Boolean dense-set argument (standard reference, not scraped)