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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6.1-sol)
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Mean-zero L2 functions on a cube embed continuously into H1

Statement

Assume Countable Choice, and fix the admissible kernel φ and auxiliary order N~ of L2-normalised H1 atoms have uniformly bounded H1 norm. There is Cn,N~,φ<∞ such that for every cube Q and every f∈L2(Rn) with supp⁡f⊆Q and ∫Qf=0, the class of f lies in H1(Rn) and ∥f∥H1≤Cn,N~,φ∣Q∣1/2∥f∥L2.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Countable Choice, the fixed φ and N~, a cube Q of finite positive volume ∣Q∣ (Axis-parallel rectangles in Rm and their volume) and a function f∈L2(Rn) with supp⁡f⊆Q and ∫Qf=0.

[F1]

The H1 functional is ∥g∥H1=∥Mφ0g∥L1 for an admissible Schwartz function φ with ∫φ≠0, defined for tempered distributions (The real Hardy space Hp defined by a radial maximal function), and every L2 class has a representative defining a tempered distribution (Polynomial growth functions define tempered distributions).

[F2]

If a vanishes off a cube Q, has ∫a=0 and (∣Q∣−1∫Q∣a∣2)1/2≤∣Q∣−1, then ∥a∥H1≤Cn,N~,φ with this constant independent of Q and a (L2-normalised H1 atoms have uniformly bounded H1 norm).

[F3]

For λ∈C and a tempered distribution g, Mφ0(λg)=∣λ∣Mφ0g pointwise, because (g∗φt)(y)=⟨g,φt(y−⋅)⟩ is complex-linear in g; hence ∥λg∥H1=∣λ∣∥g∥H1 (The real Hardy space Hp defined by a radial maximal function).

[F4]

The L2 classes of The space Lp(μ) as the quotient by null functions are used, so all statements below are insensitive to changes on null sets.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1

If f=0 almost everywhere, then f is the zero distribution and ∥f∥H1=0≤Cn,N~,φ∣Q∣1/2∥f∥L2=0.

1.2F1F2F4

Assume f≠0 in L2, so ∥f∥L2>0 because Q has finite measure, and put a:=f/(∣Q∣1/2∥f∥L2). Then a vanishes off Q and ∫a=0; moreover ∣a∣2=∣f∣2/(∣Q∣ ∥f∥L22), so ∫Q∣a∣2=∣Q∣−1 and (∣Q∣−1∫Q∣a∣2)1/2=∣Q∣−1: the function a is a (1,2)-atom. By [F2], ∥a∥H1≤Cn,N~,φ.

2.1step 1.1step 1.2F3∎

Since f=∣Q∣1/2∥f∥L2 a, the homogeneity [F3] gives ∥f∥H1=∣Q∣1/2∥f∥L2∥a∥H1≤Cn,N~,φ∣Q∣1/2∥f∥L2; together with the trivial case of step 1.1 this is the asserted estimate, and the class of f lies in H1 because a does and multiplication by a scalar preserves the space.

Depends on

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Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources