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Ampleness of a given line bundle descends under field extension

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let X be a separated finite-type scheme over k, L an invertible sheaf on X, and K/k a field extension. If LK is ample on XK, then L is ample on X.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

On a Noetherian scheme, ampleness is equivalent to eventual global generation of F⊗Ln for every coherent sheaf F. (Serre global-generation criterion for ampleness)

[F2]

A module which becomes zero after faithfully flat base extension is zero. (Descent of vanishing along a faithfully flat morphism)

[F3]

The finite affine-cover equalizer commutes with extension of scalars over a field. (Global sections commute with extension of scalars over a field)

Proof

Given: AC, X, L, K/k, and ampleness of LK.

1.1F3givenalgebra

For every quasi-coherent sheaf F on X, Γ(X,F)⊗kK≅Γ(XK,FK). Indeed choose a finite affine cover; its intersections are affine by separatedness. The sheaf gluing equalizer for the modules of sections is exact, and tensoring by K preserves that equalizer and finite products, just as in [F3]. On each affine chart the sections of the pulled-back quasi-coherent sheaf are the original module tensored with K, so the equalizer is exactly the global-section module of FK.

2.1F1F2step 1.1algebra∎

Fix a coherent F. Its base extension is coherent, since its finite presentations base extend on affine charts. By [F1], for all sufficiently large n, the evaluation map for FK⊗LKn is onto. By step 1.1 this is the base extension of the evaluation map Γ(X,F⊗Ln)⊗kOX→F⊗Ln. On every affine chart its cokernel becomes zero after tensoring by K and hence is zero by [F2]. Thus the original sheaf is globally generated for all such n. Since F was arbitrary, [F1] gives ampleness of L. AC is inherited from [F1]; no descent of a newly chosen line bundle is assumed.

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