Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-04
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P-adic balls are clopen and intersecting comparable balls are nested

Statement

In Qp, every open or closed ball is both open and closed. Moreover, if two balls of radii r≤s intersect, then the smaller one is contained in the larger.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Points a,b,x∈Qp and positive radii r≤s.

[L1]

The extended absolute value on Qp is nonarchimedean (The p-adic completion is a complete valued field).

[L2]

Qp is the p-adic Cauchy quotient of The p-adic numbers as a metric completion, equipped with its complete valued-field structure by The p-adic completion is a complete valued field.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L2givenalgebra

If x lies in the open ball B(a,r), then ∣x−a∣p<r. For any y with ∣y−x∣p<r, [L1] gives ∣y−a∣p≤max⁡{∣y−x∣p,∣x−a∣p}<r, so y∈B(a,r). Thus every point of an open ball is again a center, hence every open ball is open and every closed ball is open by the same argument with ≤r.

2.1L1step 1.1givenalgebra

If ∣y−x∣p<∣x−a∣p, then [L1] forces ∣y−a∣p=∣x−a∣p. Hence, if x∉B(a,r), then ∣x−a∣p≥r and so y∉B(a,r); and if x lies outside the closed ball of radius r around a, then ∣x−a∣p>r and so y lies outside that closed ball as well. Thus the complement of either the open or the closed ball around a is a union of open balls. Therefore every open or closed ball is also closed.

3.1L1givenalgebra∎

If B(a,r) and B(b,s) intersect, choose x in the intersection. For any y∈B(a,r), ∣y−b∣p≤max⁡{∣y−x∣p,∣x−b∣p}<max⁡{r,s}=s, so y∈B(b,s). The same proof works for closed balls. Hence intersecting comparable balls are nested.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

13 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources