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Pointwise CDF convergence to a continuous law is uniform
Statement
Let be a continuous CDF and random CDFs, meaning that each is a measurable real random variable and, for every outcome, is a right-continuous CDF. Suppose that for each fixed , in probability. Then in probability.
If the initial paths are CDFs only outside specified measurable null sets , first set on . All suprema in the conclusion refer to these everywhere-CDF versions; no completeness of the probability space is assumed.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A continuous CDF and random CDFs with the stated pointwise convergence in probability.
Cumulative distribution function of a real random variable: A CDF is , hence is nondecreasing and has limits and at the two tails by measure continuity.
Heine-Cantor in : a continuous real function on a compact subset of is uniformly continuous: A continuous real function on a compact subset of is uniformly continuous.
Continuity from above when one set has finite measure: For decreasing measurable sets whose first set has finite measure, the measure of their intersection is the infimum of their measures.
Continuity from below for measures: For increasing measurable sets, the measure of their union is the supremum of their measures.
Proof
Given: The objects and hypotheses in the statement.
The stated replacement on each measurable null set preserves measurable evaluations and their pointwise convergence in probability, and gives CDF paths everywhere. Consequently equals the supremum over rational for every outcome, by right-continuity, and is measurable. Fix . The events defining a CDF increase to the whole space as and decrease to the empty set as ; [F3]–[F4] therefore give its tail limits. Choose with and . By [F2], is uniformly continuous on , so choose a finite partition for which every increment .
Pointwise convergence at the finitely many grid points implies that, with probability tending to one, for every . On this event, monotonicity of both CDFs bounds their difference on each by . For , both CDF values lie between and their values at , so their difference is at most ; for , apply the same argument to the complementary tails using their values at . Hence with probability tending to one. Since was arbitrary, the supremum converges to zero in probability.
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Sources
- J. P. Romano and A. M. Shaikh, On the Uniform Asymptotic Validity of Subsampling and the Bootstrap, Appendix A.1 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Ryan Martin, Stat 451 Lecture Notes 0812: Bootstrap, pp. 10–11 (standard reference, not scraped)