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Positive square and positive ample intersection force an effective multiple
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let be a field, let be an integral smooth projective surface over , let be an ample invertible -module (Absolute ampleness by affine section opens) and let be an invertible -module with Then there exists an integer with .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: a field , an integral smooth projective surface over , an ample invertible sheaf , and an invertible sheaf with and .
Bilinearity: -bilinearity of the intersection product gives and for every ; in particular for all sufficiently large , with (Intersection numbers of Cartier divisors on a smooth projective surface, The surface intersection product is symmetric and bilinear, The canonical divisor of a smooth projective surface, Invertible sheaves, Tensor product of sheaves of modules, Dual of a line bundle is its tensor inverse).
Threshold vanishing: if for an invertible sheaf , then (Vanishing of top cohomology past the canonical threshold, The canonical divisor of a smooth projective surface).
Riemann-Roch: for every invertible sheaf , (Riemann-Roch for smooth projective surfaces). The Euler characteristic is the alternating sum of the dimensions , so with (Euler characteristic of a coherent sheaf).
The Axiom of Choice is inherited from the Riemann-Roch and vanishing suppliers of [F2] and [F3]; the integer is chosen below from the growth of a quadratic polynomial, no family is selected.
Proof
Vanishing of the top cohomology for large . By [F1], as because , so for all we have ; by [F2], for all such .
Growth of the Euler characteristic. By [F3] and [F1], because the quadratic term has positive leading coefficient .
A positive Euler characteristic gives a section. Choose so large that both step 1.1 applies and , which is possible by steps 1.1 and 1.2. By [F3], , and by step 1.1 while ; hence and . The Axiom of Choice is inherited from [F4].
Depends on
- Absolute ampleness by affine section opens
- The Axiom of Choice
- The canonical divisor of a smooth projective surface
- Intersection numbers of Cartier divisors on a smooth projective surface
- Euler characteristic of a coherent sheaf
- Invertible sheaves
- Tensor product of sheaves of modules
- Dual of a line bundle is its tensor inverse
- Vanishing of top cohomology past the canonical threshold
- Riemann-Roch for smooth projective surfaces
- The surface intersection product is symmetric and bilinear
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
58 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Ravi Vakil, The Rising Sea: Foundations of Algebraic Geometry, pre-publication version 2025-10-21 (standard reference, not scraped)