How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Products of near-one characteristic factors
Statement
Let each row be a finite family of complex numbers; empty rows are allowed with maximum zero. Suppose , , and . Then
Facts & Assumptions
The exponential is its power series. The complex exponential by its power series.
The series converges absolutely at every complex argument. The complex exponential series converges absolutely for every complex argument.
Finite products of exponentials equal the exponential of their sum. , and the complex exponential extends the real exponential.
Proof
Given: Let each row be a finite family of complex numbers; empty rows are allowed with maximum zero. Suppose , , and . Then
Put . For , absolute convergence gives . Also and . The real series is nonnegative term by term, which proves the middle inequality without a logarithm.
For arbitrary finite lists a,b of length r, subtracting successive mixed products gives . The cancellation follows by expanding each difference; for r=0 both products are one and the sum zero. Apply it with and . For all sufficiently large n every modulus of w is at most 1/2. Each pair of partial products is bounded by , so the difference of the row products has modulus at most .
The bound tends to zero by hypothesis. Repeated exponential addition identifies the comparison product with , including empty and one-factor rows. If M=0 then all w vanish and equality is exact in every row. All products and telescoping sums are finite; no branch of logarithm or choice principle is used.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
16 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Durrett, Probability: Theory and Examples, proof of Theorem 3.4.10 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Aldous and Chewi, Probability Theory notes, proof of Theorem 5.3 (standard reference, not scraped)