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A projective simple in a symmetric block forces a matrix block
Statement
If is the residue splitting field and a block has a projective simple left module , then and is its unique simple module up to isomorphism.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A finite group, splitting residue field, block , and a projective simple .
A block has no nontrivial central idempotent. (Block bimodule for the double group)
The coefficient-of-identity form is associative, symmetric and nondegenerate. (For a finite group and a field of characteristic p, the group algebra is a symmetric Frobenius algebra via the coefficient of the identity)
Finite projective -modules are injective. (Over a finite group algebra in defining characteristic, finite-dimensional projective and injective modules coincide)
The split regular module decomposes into projective covers, each with multiplicity the dimension of its simple head. (The regular module is a direct sum of the projective covers of the simple modules, with the split-field multiplicities)
Finite indecomposable decompositions exist and are unique. (Finite-dimensional kG-modules decompose as finite direct sums of indecomposables uniquely up to order and isomorphism)
A nonzero semisimple ring is a finite product of matrix rings over division rings. (Wedderburn–Artin theorem for semisimple rings)
The residue field splits and all subgroups. (A splitting p-modular system for a finite group is a p-modular system whose fraction and residue fields split the needed group algebras)
Proof
The central product decomposition has zero cross-products, so the symmetric form in [F2] restricts nondegenerately to : a vector orthogonal to is already orthogonal to the other factor, hence is zero. A projective -module is projective over because is a direct summand of . Thus is injective over by [F3], and also over by restriction to the block module category.
Decompose the regular -module into indecomposable projectives using [F4] and [F5]. The projective cover of is itself; hence the sum of all summands isomorphic to is nonzero. Let be the sum of the other summands. A nonzero map for an indecomposable summand is injective and splits because is injective; it forces . A nonzero map is surjective and splits because is projective, again forcing . Consequently .
The projection commutes with every -linear endomorphism, because the off-diagonal homomorphism spaces vanish. Such endomorphisms include every right multiplication. A left-module endomorphism is right multiplication by ; commuting also with right multiplication makes central. It is a nonzero central idempotent, so [F1] forces and . Thus the regular module is a sum of copies of and is semisimple. By [F6] and the splitting condition [F7], is a single matrix algebra over , of size , with exactly one simple module.
Sources
Webb, A Course in Finite Group Representation Theory, §§11.3, 11.6 and 12.3–12.5, especially pp.240–245. Local argument and conventions as displayed above.
Depends on
- Block bimodule for the double group
- For a finite group and a field of characteristic p, the group algebra is a symmetric Frobenius algebra via the coefficient of the identity
- Over a finite group algebra in defining characteristic, finite-dimensional projective and injective modules coincide
- The regular module is a direct sum of the projective covers of the simple modules, with the split-field multiplicities
- Finite-dimensional kG-modules decompose as finite direct sums of indecomposables uniquely up to order and isomorphism
- Wedderburn–Artin theorem for semisimple rings
- A splitting p-modular system for a finite group is a p-modular system whose fraction and residue fields split the needed group algebras
Used by
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Sources
- Webb, A Course in Finite Group Representation Theory, §§11.3, 11.6 and 12.3–12.5, especially pp.240–245 (standard reference, not scraped)