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A projective simple in a symmetric block forces a matrix block

Statement

If k is the residue splitting field and a block B=kGb has a projective simple left module S, then BMdimkS(k) and S is its unique simple module up to isomorphism.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A finite group, splitting residue field, block B, and a projective simple S.

[F1]

A block has no nontrivial central idempotent. (Block bimodule for the double group)

[F4]

The split regular module decomposes into projective covers, each with multiplicity the dimension of its simple head. (The regular module is a direct sum of the projective covers of the simple modules, with the split-field multiplicities)

[F6]

A nonzero semisimple ring is a finite product of matrix rings over division rings. (Wedderburn–Artin theorem for semisimple rings)

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

The central product decomposition kG=B×kG(1b) has zero cross-products, so the symmetric form in [F2] restricts nondegenerately to B: a vector orthogonal to B is already orthogonal to the other factor, hence is zero. A projective B-module is projective over kG because B is a direct summand of kG. Thus S is injective over kG by [F3], and also over B by restriction to the block module category.

F1F2F3
2.1

Decompose the regular B-module into indecomposable projectives using [F4] and [F5]. The projective cover of S is S itself; hence the sum U of all summands isomorphic to S is nonzero. Let V be the sum of the other summands. A nonzero map SP for an indecomposable summand P is injective and splits because S is injective; it forces PS. A nonzero map PS is surjective and splits because S is projective, again forcing PS. Consequently HomB(U,V)=HomB(V,U)=0.

F4F5step 1.1
3.1

The projection q:BU commutes with every B-linear endomorphism, because the off-diagonal homomorphism spaces vanish. Such endomorphisms include every right multiplication. A left-module endomorphism is right multiplication by q(b); commuting also with right multiplication makes q(b) central. It is a nonzero central idempotent, so [F1] forces q(b)=b and V=0. Thus the regular module is a sum of copies of S and is semisimple. By [F6] and the splitting condition [F7], B is a single matrix algebra over k, of size dimkS, with exactly one simple module.

F1F6F7step 2.1

Sources

Webb, A Course in Finite Group Representation Theory, §§11.3, 11.6 and 12.3–12.5, especially pp.240–245. Local argument and conventions as displayed above.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources