How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Rational Hurewicz for arbitrary wedges of high-dimensional spheres
Statement
Assume AC. Let W be the CW wedge of any set of spheres of dimensions at least c≥2. For 1≤i≤2c−2, π_i(W)⊗Q and H_i(W;Q) are the direct sum of Q indexed by spheres of dimension i, and actual Hurewicz identifies their orientation generators.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC; an integer ; a CW wedge of any set of based spheres of dimensions at least ; and for a finite wedge the finite product of the same spheres.
Step 1.1 constructs the finite product CW structure for the spheres using characteristic product disks and checks its ordinary topology by the compact-to-Hausdorff quotient test; the high-relative-cells lemma compares the wedge inclusion with the finite product in the metastable range (High relative cells do not change lower homotopy).
Homotopy groups of a finite product of based spaces are the products of the factor groups, and the rational homotopy of a single sphere below its first unstable degree is known (Rational sphere homotopy below the first unstable degree); rationalization is exact and commutes with direct sums (Rationalization is exact and commutes with singular homology).
Cellular homology of a wedge of spheres has one free generator per sphere with zero differentials, computed by finite chains without a finite-type hypothesis (Cellular homology computes singular homology); compact images in a CW complex have finite cell support, so classes and homotopies are represented in finite subwedges (Compact CW images have finite cell support without choice); the rational sphere lemma identifies the orientation generators of the actual Hurewicz map.
AC is used to choose representatives and to rationalize set-sized families (The Axiom of Choice).
Proof
Let P be the finite product of the spheres. Their CW structures have a vertex and a top cell. Products of their characteristic disks give the finite product CW structure: each product disk is a disk of the sum dimension, with boundary mapping into the union of products of lower faces; an explicit radial disk homeomorphism or a finite subdivision gives its characteristic map. The weak CW topology agrees with the ordinary product because the spaces are finite compact Hausdorff CW complexes. W embeds as the subcomplex with at most one nonvertex coordinate. Every relative cell of (P,W) has at least two top factors, and hence dimension at least 2c. The published high-relative-cells lemma makes π_i(W)→π_i(P) an isomorphism for i<2c−1. Based cube maps into a finite product are exactly tuples of based cube maps; homotopies and concatenations are coordinatewise, so π_i(P)=∏π_i(S^{m_t}). The rational sphere lemma gives the displayed rational groups: for m_t>i connectivity suffices, while for m_t≤i we have i≤2c−2≤2m_t−2.
The cellular complex of W has one zero-cell and one top cell for each sphere, with zero differentials. Sphere inclusions therefore identify its positive homology with the corresponding direct sums. Naturality of Hurewicz on those inclusions and the degree-m orientation generator calculation in the rational sphere lemma show that the displayed isomorphism is the actual Hurewicz map.
Every sphere representative and disk homotopy has finite cell support. Its image is therefore contained in a finite subwedge, obtained by including all spheres whose top cells meet that support. A class in π_i(W) is thus represented in a finite subwedge; equality of two such classes is witnessed in a larger finite subwedge by the finite support of a homotopy. This is exactly the filtered-colimit description of π_i(W). The finite-wedge comparisons above are natural under adding factors: the corresponding map on finite products inserts constant coordinates. Thus that colimit is the direct sum of the individual sphere homotopy groups in this range. Row 1 rationalizes it to their rational direct sum. Cellular homology of the infinite wedge uses finite chains and gives the same direct sum without any finite-type assumption. Naturality of Hurewicz retains the generator identification.
Depends on
- Rationalization is exact and commutes with singular homology
- Rational sphere homotopy below the first unstable degree
- High relative cells do not change lower homotopy
- Compact CW images have finite cell support without choice
- Cellular attachments with finite boundary support form a CW complex
- Cellular homology computes singular homology
- Cellular maps induce cellular chain maps
- Absolute and relative Hurewicz homomorphisms
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
56 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology (standard reference, not scraped)
- Milnor and Stasheff, Characteristic Classes (standard reference, not scraped)