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LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-generatedPipeline-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-14
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Smooth parametric primitives for a smooth exact family on a compact manifold

Statement

Assume ACω. Let M be compact, let P be a finite-dimensional parameter manifold, and let αpΩk(M), k1, depend smoothly on (p,x)P×M. If every αp is exact, then there are βpΩk1(M), jointly smooth in (p,x), with dβp=αp. After the one Riemannian metric allowed by the stated choice assumption is fixed, the remaining construction uses only finitely many choices.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The compact manifold, finite-dimensional parameter manifold, and smooth exact family in the statement.

[F1]

Under the stated choice assumption, M has a Riemannian metric and every point has arbitrarily small strongly geodesically convex neighbourhoods; nonempty finite intersections of such neighbourhoods remain strongly geodesically convex. Every smooth manifold admits a riemannian metric, Existence of geodesically convex neighborhoods.

[F2]

A compact set inside an open subset of a manifold admits a smooth cutoff. A manifold bump for a compact set inside an open set.

[F3]

The homotopy operator KH satisfies H1H0=dKH+KHd. De rham homotopy formula for a smooth homotopy.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Use [F1] to fix one Riemannian metric. The set of all strongly convex open neighbourhoods is an open cover, so compactness extracts a finite subcover U=(U1,,Ur). Every nonempty finite intersection Ui0is is strongly convex by [F1]. There are only finitely many such intersections; choose one point in each and contract the intersection to it along the unique smoothly endpoint-dependent geodesics. By [F3], these contractions give fixed linear Poincaré homotopy operators Ki0is. In local coordinates their coefficients are finite-interval integrals of coefficients of the pulled-back form and the fixed smooth contraction. Differentiation under that compact integral therefore shows directly that each Ki0is preserves smooth dependence on the finite-dimensional parameter.

F1F3givenconstructalgebra
2.1

Use [F2] finitely many times to fix a partition of unity subordinate to U. Start the Čech--de Rham descent with bi=Ki(αUi), so dbi=αUi. The alternating differences δb are closed because dδ=δd. On each nonempty double intersection apply its fixed Kij to obtain a primitive; subtracting it makes the next alternating discrepancy closed one degree lower. Repeat. After at most k repetitions the remaining discrepancy is a Čech cocycle of locally constant functions on the finite good cover.

F2F3step 1.1algebra
3.1

Regard the last cocycle as a vector in the finite-dimensional simplicial cochain complex of the nerve. Because α is globally exact, comparison with any global primitive shows that this cocycle lies in the image of the preceding Čech coboundary. Fix a linear right inverse of that coboundary on its image by choosing bases once. Solve there, then reverse the finite descent. At the final gluing step the fixed partition gives a global (k1)-form Rα with dRα=α. Thus R is one fixed linear operator on the space of exact k-forms; no primitive of an individual input was selected.

F2step 2.1algebraconstruct
4.1

Put βp=Rαp. Restriction, the finitely many homotopy integrals, Čech differences, multiplication by fixed partition functions, and the fixed finite-dimensional linear solver all commute with differentiation in the finite-dimensional parameter. Hence βp is jointly smooth and dβp=αp. The empty manifold is immediate. The sole nonfinite choice input is the metric supplied under ACω; all subsequent selections are finite.

step 1.1step 3.1

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