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A smooth psh exhaustion gives Hartogs pseudoconvexity on bounded domains

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let Ω⊂Cn, n≥1, be a bounded domain with a smooth plurisubharmonic exhaustion S. Then Ω is Hartogs pseudoconvex: −log⁡δΩ is plurisubharmonic, where δΩ is the equal-radius polydisc boundary function.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC; the bounded domain Ω; and S∈C∞(Ω,R) plurisubharmonic, with compact sublevels in Ω.

[F1]

Holomorphic pullback preserves plurisubharmonicity for a C2 psh function (Holomorphic pullbacks of C2 plurisubharmonic functions are plurisubharmonic). Psh is subharmonicity on affine complex lines (Plurisubharmonic functions).

[F2]

An upper semicontinuous, finite function on a plane domain is subharmonic if it satisfies harmonic comparison on every compactly contained closed disc (Subharmonicity is equivalent to harmonic comparison on compactly contained discs).

[F3]

On a disc a harmonic function is the real part of a holomorphic function, since a disc is homologically simply connected (Harmonic conjugates exist on homologically simply connected plane domains).

[F4]

A subharmonic function attaining a finite interior maximum is constant (A plane subharmonic function with an interior maximum is constant on its component); the submean convention is that of Subharmonic functions on plane domains.

[F5]

The equal-radius polydisc radius is the distance to the complement in the coordinate sup norm (The equal-radius polydisc boundary function), and its negative logarithm being psh is Hartogs pseudoconvexity (Plurisubharmonic exhaustions and Hartogs pseudoconvexity).

Choice use. AC is the ambient hypothesis. The argument makes only finitely many selections for each disc, direction and harmonic majorant.

Proof

1.1givenconstruct

For each fixed nonzero ξ∈Cn define dξ(z)=sup⁡{r>0:z+{t:∣t∣<r}ξ⊂Ω},uξ=−log⁡dξ. These radii are positive and finite because Ω is open and bounded. If r<dξ(z), the closed directional disc of radius r is compact in Ω, and sufficiently small translations stay in Ω. Thus dξ is lower semicontinuous, so uξ is upper semicontinuous.

2.1F3step 1.1givenconstruct

Fix an affine base disc z(ζ)=a+ζv with z(D‾)⊂Ω, and a continuous real harmonic majorant h on the closed unit disc with h≥uξ∘z on its boundary. For 0<s<1 the function hs(ζ)=h(sζ) is harmonic on a disc of radius greater than 1, and hs→h uniformly on the closed unit disc. Given η>0, choose s so that ∣hs−h∣<η there; by [F3] choose a holomorphic H on a disc of radius greater than 1 with Re⁡H=hs+η. Then Φ(ζ,t)=z(ζ)+te−H(ζ)ξ is holomorphic near the closed base disc, and for ∣ζ∣=1, ∣t∣<1, its value belongs to Ω, since e−Re⁡H≤dξ(z(ζ)). Compactness of the base disc also puts all its images in Ω for sufficiently small ∣t∣.

3.1F1F4step 2.1givenassume-contradischarge-contradiction

Let r∗ be the supremum of radii r≤1 for which Φ(D‾×{t:∣t∣<r})⊂Ω. Suppose r∗<1, and fix r∗<b<1. The image of ∂D×{∣t∣≤b} is a compact subset of Ω by step 2.1. Let M be the maximum of S on this image. For each ∣t∣<r∗, [F1] makes S∘Φ(⋅,t) subharmonic, continuous on the closed base disc; its boundary values are at most M, so [F4] bounds it everywhere by M. All these images therefore lie in the fixed compact sublevel K={S≤M}⊂Ω. By continuity their limits with ∣t∣≤r∗ also lie in K. Uniform continuity on a slightly larger compact product then increases the admissible radius beyond r∗, contradicting its definition. Thus r∗=1, and dξ(z(ζ))≥e−hs(ζ)−η throughout the base disc.

4.1F1F2step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1

Step 3.1 gives uξ∘z≤hs+η. Choose s→1 and η→0 with the stated uniform error, to conclude uξ∘z≤h. The affine-disc normalization covers every closed disc in every complex line in Ω. Hence [F2], together with the upper semicontinuity of step 1.1, makes each uξ plurisubharmonic. The dilation of the majorant in step 2.1 ensures that H and Φ are defined past the base boundary; no boundary continuity of an arbitrary harmonic conjugate is assumed.

5.1F1F4F5step 4.1∎

Write ∥ξ∥∞=max⁡j<n∣ξj∣. A sup-norm polydisc of radius r consists exactly of all directional discs of radius r with ∥ξ∥∞=1, so δΩ(z)=inf⁡∥ξ∥∞=1dξ(z),u(z):=−log⁡δΩ(z)=sup⁡∥ξ∥∞=1uξ(z). By [F5], δΩ is a positive continuous distance function on Ω, so u is continuous. On any compactly contained affine circle, each uξ satisfies its submean inequality and is at most u on the circle. Therefore uξ at the center is at most the circle average of u; taking the supremum gives that same bound for u at the center. Its continuity and these submean inequalities make it psh by [F1] and [F4]. This proves the exact Hartogs convention of [F5].

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