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A smooth psh exhaustion gives Hartogs pseudoconvexity on bounded domains
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let , , be a bounded domain with a smooth plurisubharmonic exhaustion . Then is Hartogs pseudoconvex: is plurisubharmonic, where is the equal-radius polydisc boundary function.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC; the bounded domain ; and plurisubharmonic, with compact sublevels in .
Holomorphic pullback preserves plurisubharmonicity for a psh function (Holomorphic pullbacks of plurisubharmonic functions are plurisubharmonic). Psh is subharmonicity on affine complex lines (Plurisubharmonic functions).
An upper semicontinuous, finite function on a plane domain is subharmonic if it satisfies harmonic comparison on every compactly contained closed disc (Subharmonicity is equivalent to harmonic comparison on compactly contained discs).
On a disc a harmonic function is the real part of a holomorphic function, since a disc is homologically simply connected (Harmonic conjugates exist on homologically simply connected plane domains).
A subharmonic function attaining a finite interior maximum is constant (A plane subharmonic function with an interior maximum is constant on its component); the submean convention is that of Subharmonic functions on plane domains.
The equal-radius polydisc radius is the distance to the complement in the coordinate sup norm (The equal-radius polydisc boundary function), and its negative logarithm being psh is Hartogs pseudoconvexity (Plurisubharmonic exhaustions and Hartogs pseudoconvexity).
Choice use. AC is the ambient hypothesis. The argument makes only finitely many selections for each disc, direction and harmonic majorant.
Proof
For each fixed nonzero define These radii are positive and finite because is open and bounded. If , the closed directional disc of radius is compact in , and sufficiently small translations stay in . Thus is lower semicontinuous, so is upper semicontinuous.
Fix an affine base disc with , and a continuous real harmonic majorant on the closed unit disc with on its boundary. For the function is harmonic on a disc of radius greater than , and uniformly on the closed unit disc. Given , choose so that there; by [F3] choose a holomorphic on a disc of radius greater than with . Then is holomorphic near the closed base disc, and for , , its value belongs to , since . Compactness of the base disc also puts all its images in for sufficiently small .
Let be the supremum of radii for which . Suppose , and fix . The image of is a compact subset of by step 2.1. Let be the maximum of on this image. For each , [F1] makes subharmonic, continuous on the closed base disc; its boundary values are at most , so [F4] bounds it everywhere by . All these images therefore lie in the fixed compact sublevel . By continuity their limits with also lie in . Uniform continuity on a slightly larger compact product then increases the admissible radius beyond , contradicting its definition. Thus , and throughout the base disc.
Step 3.1 gives . Choose and with the stated uniform error, to conclude . The affine-disc normalization covers every closed disc in every complex line in . Hence [F2], together with the upper semicontinuity of step 1.1, makes each plurisubharmonic. The dilation of the majorant in step 2.1 ensures that and are defined past the base boundary; no boundary continuity of an arbitrary harmonic conjugate is assumed.
Write . A sup-norm polydisc of radius consists exactly of all directional discs of radius with , so By [F5], is a positive continuous distance function on , so is continuous. On any compactly contained affine circle, each satisfies its submean inequality and is at most on the circle. Therefore at the center is at most the circle average of ; taking the supremum gives that same bound for at the center. Its continuity and these submean inequalities make it psh by [F1] and [F4]. This proves the exact Hartogs convention of [F5].
Depends on
- The Axiom of Choice
- Plurisubharmonic exhaustions and Hartogs pseudoconvexity
- The equal-radius polydisc boundary function
- Plurisubharmonic functions
- Subharmonic functions on plane domains
- Holomorphic pullbacks of $C^2$ plurisubharmonic functions are plurisubharmonic
- Subharmonicity is equivalent to harmonic comparison on compactly contained discs
- Harmonic conjugates exist on homologically simply connected plane domains
- A plane subharmonic function with an interior maximum is constant on its component
Used by
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Sources
- Jean-Pierre Demailly, Complex Analytic and Differential Geometry (standard reference, not scraped)