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Every subgroup acts on the universal cover with a connected quotient covering that realizes it
Statement
Let be nonempty, path-connected, locally path-connected, and semilocally simply connected, fix , and put . For every subgroup , there is a based connected covering
such that . It is obtained by letting act through deck transformations on a universal cover and taking .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The base , basepoint , group , and subgroup in the Statement.
Every such base has a universal covering space (Every nonempty path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected space has a universal cover).
With traversal-order multiplication, is isomorphic to the universal deck group by the assignment taking a loop class to the deck transformation that moves a chosen fibre point to its lifted endpoint, with no path reversal (For a path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected base, the deck group of a universal cover is isomorphic to the fundamental group).
The orbit map of a covering-space action is a covering map (The orbit map of a covering-space action is a covering, with the acting group equal to the deck group when the total space is path-connected).
Monodromy is the right action in which is the endpoint of the lift of from (The monodromy right action on a covering fibre and its equivalent left-action convention).
A covering-space action is an action by homeomorphisms with neighbourhoods disjoint from every nonidentity translate (Covering-space actions by disjoint translates of neighbourhoods).
A covering is locally a disjoint union of sheets, each mapped homeomorphically to one evenly covered neighbourhood (Covering maps, evenly covered neighbourhoods, fibres, sheets, and trivial coverings).
On a covering with connected total space, two deck transformations that agree at one point are equal (On a connected covering space, a deck transformation is determined by one point and the deck action is free).
Proof
Fix a universal cover by [F1], and use [F2] to regard as a subgroup of its deck group. Over an evenly covered neighbourhood of , choose the sheet containing a given . A nonidentity deck transformation sends it to a different sheet: otherwise it would send the unique point over in that sheet to itself and hence be the identity by [F7]. Thus [F5] holds, so the restricted -action is a covering-space action.
Let be the orbit map, which is a covering by [F3]. Since is constant on -orbits, it induces . Over an evenly covered , the -orbits of the sheets of have disjoint images under , and on each such image is identified with the homeomorphism from any representative sheet to . Hence is a covering by [F6]. The path-connected space maps continuously and surjectively to , so is path-connected, with basepoint .
For a loop at , its lift to from is , where is its universal lift. This lift closes exactly when the universal endpoint lies in the -orbit of , which by [F2] and [F4] holds exactly when . A loop class is in exactly when it has a closed lift to , so the induced subgroup is precisely .
Depends on
- Every nonempty path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected space has a universal cover
- For a path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected base, the deck group of a universal cover is isomorphic to the fundamental group
- Covering-space actions by disjoint translates of neighbourhoods
- The orbit map of a covering-space action is a covering, with the acting group equal to the deck group when the total space is path-connected
- On a connected covering space, a deck transformation is determined by one point and the deck action is free
- Covering maps, evenly covered neighbourhoods, fibres, sheets, and trivial coverings
- The monodromy right action on a covering fibre and its equivalent left-action convention
- A covering map induces an injective homomorphism on fundamental groups
- Paths, path-connected spaces and path components
Used by
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Sources
- Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, Proposition 1.36 (standard reference, not scraped)
- J. Peter May, A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology, Chapter 3, Section 8 (standard reference, not scraped)