Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passaudited 2026-08-16
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The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

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Every nonempty path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected space has a universal cover

Statement

Every nonempty path-connected, locally path-connected, semilocally simply connected space has a universal covering space.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The objects, hypotheses, and choice principles stated above.

[F1]

If X is nonempty, path-connected, locally path-connected, and semilocally simply connected, then after a basepoint is fixed the path-class basic sets define a topology on X~ for which the endpoint projection p:X~X is a covering map. (For a nonempty path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected space, the path-class projection is a covering map).

[F2]

A universal covering space of B is a covering map p:B~B whose total space B~ is simply connected (def-covering-map-and-evenly-covered-neighbourhoods, def-simply-connected). (Universal covering spaces).

[F3]

A topological space X is simply connected when it is nonempty and path-connected (def-path-connected) and, for every x0X, the group π1(X,x0) has exactly one element. (Simply connected topological spaces).

[F4]

For a covering p:(E,e0)(B,b0), the induced homomorphism p:π1(E,e0)π1(B,b0) is injective. (A covering map induces an injective homomorphism on fundamental groups).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Use the path-class projection, already proved to be a covering.

givenF1F2F3F4
2.1

The path-class space is nonempty and path-connected by truncating representatives.

step 1.1F1F3F2
3.1

A loop upstairs projects to a loop whose path-class endpoint is the starting class, hence to the trivial element downstairs; injectivity of the fundamental-group map then makes every upstairs loop nullhomotopic.

step 2.1F1F3F2
4.1

Thus the total space is simply connected.

step 3.1F2F3F1
5.1

The preceding construction and implications establish the assertion.

step 4.1

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · next 3 levels

Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 38 results over 14 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.

Sources