How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Every nonempty path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected space has a universal cover
Statement
Every nonempty path-connected, locally path-connected, semilocally simply connected space has a universal covering space.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The objects, hypotheses, and choice principles stated above.
If is nonempty, path-connected, locally path-connected, and semilocally simply connected, then after a basepoint is fixed the path-class basic sets define a topology on for which the endpoint projection is a covering map. (For a nonempty path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected space, the path-class projection is a covering map).
A universal covering space of is a covering map whose total space is simply connected (def-covering-map-and-evenly-covered-neighbourhoods, def-simply-connected). (Universal covering spaces).
A topological space is simply connected when it is nonempty and path-connected (def-path-connected) and, for every , the group has exactly one element. (Simply connected topological spaces).
For a covering , the induced homomorphism is injective. (A covering map induces an injective homomorphism on fundamental groups).
Proof
Use the path-class projection, already proved to be a covering.
The path-class space is nonempty and path-connected by truncating representatives.
A loop upstairs projects to a loop whose path-class endpoint is the starting class, hence to the trivial element downstairs; injectivity of the fundamental-group map then makes every upstairs loop nullhomotopic.
Thus the total space is simply connected.
The preceding construction and implications establish the assertion.
Depends on
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · next 3 levels
Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 38 results over 14 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, §1.3 (standard reference, not scraped)
- J. Peter May, A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology, Ch. 3 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Marco Gualtieri, MAT1300 Week 4 Term 2, §1.6 (standard reference, not scraped)