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Tor with the trivial module is computed by the weak BGG resolution
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let and let be the weak BGG resolution of Weak BGG resolution, with . Then for every the induced differential is zero, with each weight occurring once, and consequently
where . This is the dimension statement used by BGG in the form needed here.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The Axiom of Choice, a dominant integral weight , the weak BGG resolution of with its differentials, and the right -module with trivial action.
is exact, each is an object of , and with each weight occurring once (Weak BGG resolution, Type of a module with a Verma filtration, The classical BGG category O).
Verma modules satisfy as -modules, generated by the highest weight vector , and is one-dimensional of weight ; the weights for are pairwise distinct (The PBW model of a Verma module, Verma modules, Positive coroot pairings of a dominant integral weight).
The functor is right exact, and . Objects of that are Verma-filtered are -acyclic: for all and every Verma-filtered (Verma-filtered objects are acyclic for n-minus coinvariants, Degree-zero Tor is the tensor product in either construction, Tor from a projective resolution of the left module).
The acyclic-resolution theorem: if is a supplied projective resolution datum on a class , is additive and right exact, and is an exact complex with every -acyclic and all syzygies in , then for all ; projective resolutions exist and, under the Axiom of Choice, a resolution datum may be supplied. Moreover is the left derived functor of computed with such a datum (The acyclic-resolution theorem for left derived functors, An F-acyclic resolution, The balanced Tor bifunctor, Under the Axiom of Choice, every module admits a projective resolution, The long exact Tor sequence in the left-module variable).
-objects are -semisimple with finite-dimensional weight spaces, and the quotient of an -stable submodule is -semisimple; nonzero eigenvectors of pairwise distinct weights in a vector space are linearly independent (The classical BGG category O). The number of elements of of length is denoted ; for both sides below are zero (Finite Weyl strong exchange and deletion, The Bruhat graph and the BGG Verma sum in degree k).
Proof
We compute the weight multiset of from the Verma filtration of [F1]. Fix a filtration with , where list . For each , the vanishing from [F3] and its long exact sequence give a short exact sequence ; the last term is by [F2], Choose a weight-vector lift in of the highest weight vector in ; such a lift exists by -semisimplicity. Its coinvariant class has weight and maps to the generator of the last term. Together with the embedded earlier classes it spans ; induction on gives a spanning set for .
The induced map is -equivariant: the differential is a -homomorphism, and are -stable, and the induced map on quotients commutes with the action of .
The homology of computes Tor: by [F1] and [F3] the complex is an -acyclic resolution of with all terms and all syzygies in , so the acyclic-resolution theorem of [F4] gives for every .
These classes have weights , which are pairwise distinct by [F2], and is -semisimple by [F5]; each newly lifted class has nonzero image in the corresponding one-dimensional quotient of the short exact sequence in step 1.1, and the earlier classes embed injectively. Induction therefore proves these classes nonzero, linearly independent and a basis. Therefore with each weight occurring once, and .
For every the map is zero. Indeed, its source has weights and its target has weights by step 2.1, and these two sets are disjoint by the pairwise distinctness in [F2]; an -equivariant map sends a weight vector of weight into the weight- space of the target, so every basis vector of the source maps to .
Consequently, for , the degree- homology of equals (all incoming and outgoing induced differentials at degree vanish by step 3.1), so by steps 1.3 and 2.1. The claims about the vanishing induced differential and the weight multiset are steps 3.1 and 2.1, and for the module is zero by [F5].
Depends on
- Weak BGG resolution
- Verma-filtered objects are acyclic for n-minus coinvariants
- The long exact Tor sequence in the left-module variable
- Tor from a projective resolution of the left module
- Degree-zero Tor is the tensor product in either construction
- Finite Weyl strong exchange and deletion
- The Axiom of Choice
- The acyclic-resolution theorem for left derived functors
- An F-acyclic resolution
- The balanced Tor bifunctor
- Under the Axiom of Choice, every module admits a projective resolution
- The PBW model of a Verma module
- Type of a module with a Verma filtration
- The Bruhat graph and the BGG Verma sum in degree k
- The classical BGG category O
- Positive coroot pairings of a dominant integral weight
- Verma modules
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Fan Zhou, The classical and the functorial BGG resolutions (Columbia thesis 2021), Part I Sec. 5.4 (Bott's theorem) and Sec. 4.2.3, pp. 27-29 and 37 (standard reference, not scraped)
- A. Rocha-Caridi, Splitting criteria for modules induced from a subalgebra of a semisimple Lie algebra, Trans. AMS 262 (1980), Sec. 7, pp. 345-348 (standard reference, not scraped)
- J. van Ekeren, Topics in representation theory (IMPA 2024), Sec. 29, pp. 123-124 (standard reference, not scraped)