How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The long exact Tor sequence in the left-module variable
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Dependent Choice, and supply projective resolutions of the left modules under consideration. For of left -modules and a right module , there is the natural long exact sequence . It ends in and is natural for morphisms of the short exact sequence and of .
Proof
Given: the stated short exact sequence, a right module , and supplied projective resolutions of its three left modules, and The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an -indexed chain.
By the DC-qualified The horseshoe lemma for projective resolutions, choose a projective horseshoe resolution of the middle module that fits with resolutions of the outer modules into a degreewise split short exact sequence. DC supplies the compatible choices through its successive degrees. Tensoring with preserves each splitting: tensor the inclusion, projection and their two section/retraction maps, whose splitting identities persist by additivity and composition. Hence the tensored sequence of complexes is short exact over an arbitrary ring.
Apply The long exact sequence in homology to the complexes in step 1.1. Their homology groups give the Tor presentations of The balanced Tor bifunctor. The canonical degree-zero identifications of Degree-zero Tor is the tensor product in either construction give the stated tensor tail.
For a morphism of short exact sequences, choose comparison maps on the end resolutions under DC as in Each resolution-defined Tor construction is covariant in both variables. The compatible-middle-map clause of The left derived connecting map is independent of the horseshoe resolution and lifts extends them to a commuting horseshoe ladder; that clause uses projectivity and DC, not a property of a particular derived functor. Tensor the ladder with and apply Naturality of the homology connecting morphism. Applying the same argument to identity module maps compares different horseshoes. The covariance proposition makes homology maps independent of comparison lifts, so the resulting Tor connecting maps are independent and natural. A map of right modules induces a tensor ladder directly and the same homology naturality applies. This proves the asserted natural exact sequence without assuming left exactness of tensoring.
Remarks
For a supplied degreewise split horseshoe sequence and supplied compatible comparison ladders, tensoring and the homology exact-sequence calculations are choice-free. DC is used to construct the horseshoe and comparison data, not claimed necessary for the exactness of an already supplied complex.
Depends on
- The balanced Tor bifunctor
- The horseshoe lemma for projective resolutions
- The long exact sequence in homology
- The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an $\mathbb{N}$-indexed chain
- The left derived connecting map is independent of the horseshoe resolution and lifts
- Naturality of the homology connecting morphism
- Each resolution-defined Tor construction is covariant in both variables
- Degree-zero Tor is the tensor product in either construction
Used by
- The Tor boundary is exactly the obstruction to left exactness after tensoring a fixed short exact sequence Corollary
- Dimension of the kernel modulo n-minus equals the next term (BGG 10.7) Lemma
- Flat maps with geometrically regular fibres have standard smooth local presentations Lemma
- Standard smooth algebras are finitely presented and flat Lemma
- Tor with the trivial module is computed by the weak BGG resolution Lemma
- Verma-filtered objects are acyclic for n-minus coinvariants Lemma
- Tor admits dimension shifting in either variable Proposition
- A right module is flat exactly when Tor one against every left module vanishes Theorem
- Flat dimension at most n is equivalent to the prescribed higher Tor vanishing Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
41 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Charles A. Weibel, An Introduction to Homological Algebra (standard reference, not scraped)