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The long exact Tor sequence in the right-module variable
Statement
Assume Dependent Choice (DC). For a short exact sequence of right -modules and a left module with a supplied projective resolution, there is a natural exact sequence Its degree-zero tail is The sequence is natural in morphisms of short exact sequences and in maps of left modules equipped with projective resolutions. Tor can be computed using that left resolution, or using the balanced identification whenever resolutions on the other side are supplied.
Proof
Given: the displayed short exact sequence, a projective resolution , and The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an -indexed chain for resolution comparisons.
Each is flat by Projective left and right modules are flat over an arbitrary ring, whose projective-to-flat implication is choice-free and valid over arbitrary rings. Therefore is a degreewise short exact sequence of complexes. No horseshoe resolution or commutative-ring tensor theorem is needed.
Apply The long exact sequence in homology to step 1.1. Its homology groups are the left-resolution Tor groups in The balanced Tor bifunctor. The degree-zero identifications of Degree-zero Tor is the tensor product in either construction give the displayed tensor tail; negative homology is zero because the complexes are nonnegative.
A morphism of right-module short exact sequences gives a morphism of the complexes in step 1.1. Under DC, a map between left modules lifts to a comparison of their supplied resolutions as in Each resolution-defined Tor construction is covariant in both variables. Tensoring this comparison also gives a morphism of the three complexes. In both cases Naturality of the homology connecting morphism proves the connecting squares commute. The covariance proposition makes the edge homology maps independent of comparison lifts, so replacing identifies the whole exact sequence canonically.
The identifications in The Tor balance isomorphism is natural and coherent under a change of resolutions transport these connecting maps to any supplied right-resolution presentations of the same Tor groups. Thus the sequence defines the stated balanced natural sequence, with the boundary defined by step 2.1 and transported coherently.
Remarks
With fixed, steps 1.1–2.1 and naturality in the right-module short exact sequence require no choice axiom. DC is used for comparison with arbitrary other supplied resolutions and maps of left modules, not for exactness of the fixed tensor-complex sequence itself.
Depends on
- The balanced Tor bifunctor
- Each resolution-defined Tor construction is covariant in both variables
- The Tor balance isomorphism is natural and coherent under a change of resolutions
- Projective left and right modules are flat over an arbitrary ring
- The long exact sequence in homology
- Naturality of the homology connecting morphism
- Degree-zero Tor is the tensor product in either construction
- The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an $\mathbb{N}$-indexed chain
Used by
- A killed first Tor obstruction yields flatness after local Noetherian base change Lemma
- Fibre-regular hypersurface cuts preserve flatness and produce finite image slices Lemma
- Fibrewise injectivity lifts and leaves a flat cokernel over a Noetherian target Lemma
- Flatness over a local filtered colimit appears at a Noetherian stage Lemma
- Local flatness criterion by regular parameters Lemma
- Local flatness criterion for a module finite over a larger Noetherian local algebra Lemma
- Tor admits dimension shifting in either variable Proposition
Dependency tree · two levels
39 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Charles A. Weibel, An Introduction to Homological Algebra (standard reference, not scraped)