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Trivial action on the standard meridians fixes the punctures and the stem arcs up to homotopy
Statement
Let preserve setwise and induce the identity on . Then for every , and is homotopic to relative to endpoints. Relative homotopy uses continuous maps of the compact parameter square into the filled disk, with fixed endpoints and all other arc points avoiding . No choice principle is used.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: , the stems and meridians of Standard meridians of a punctured disk, and the stated .
The meridians form a free basis of (The punctured-disk fundamental group is free on the standard meridians, Free group on a set of generators, Reduced words form the free group on an alphabet).
Equality of two based loop classes means a continuous path homotopy relative to the basepoint (Based loops and the fundamental group).
Proof
Fixing the punctures. Let . A positive small circle about is carried to a positive Jordan circle about containing no other marked point. Its lasso represents a conjugate of : contract the circle inside its once-punctured neighborhood to a small circle and compare its tether with the standard tether. Abelianization in the free basis sends this conjugate to , whereas the hypothesis sends it to . Hence for each .
Compactifying the tether calculation correctly. Fix and abbreviate , , . Take a small round disk about avoiding every other marked point. Continuity of at its endpoint gives a terminal segment contained in . In write that terminal segment as using a continuous lift of its polar angle on the parameter interval. Replace it, relative to its initial point and , by the radial segment: interpolate its angle to the initial angle and its positive radius to the linear radius of that segment. For parameters below all radii remain positive; at the radii tend uniformly to zero during the interpolation, since both original and linear radii do so. Thus this is a homotopy on the compact square, avoiding except at the endpoint, even when is unbounded. Adjust the terminal angle and a connecting path along a circle to obtain a representative consisting of a path followed by the fixed radial tail of , for a point on a sufficiently small circle . Denote the truncated standard stem by . The connecting-circle adjustment has the same compact homotopy description.
Equality of meridians controls the tether. The lasso associated with represents . In the terminal modification of step 1.2 the small circles are positive generators of ; changing the terminal tether conjugates that generator within this cyclic group and leaves it unchanged. Consequently . Put . Then . In the free basis this forces for an integer : in a reduced word write , where is empty or its first and last letters are neither nor . If is nonempty, the subword is reduced and retains a letter other than , even after adjoining the outer powers. It therefore cannot reduce to . Hence is empty and is a power of .
A peripheral power disappears at a marked endpoint. By [F2], implies a homotopy of paths with fixed endpoints in from to (append , then cancel the backtracking path). Attach the same radial tail to this homotopy; its compact image in stays away from the finite set , and its unchanged tail supplies a continuous extension at , uniformly in the homotopy parameter. Finally followed by that tail is homotopic to the tail inside , with fixed: lift its polar angle along its parameter, interpolate it to the constant angle, and interpolate the radius to the positive linear radius ending at zero. The resulting paths avoid in their interiors; uniform convergence of their radii to zero again proves continuity on the compact square. Thus in the relative-endpoint sense asserted. This concerns a peripheral power at the endpoint, and does not contract a nontrivial meridian loop inside .
Conclusion. Step 1.1 proves that every puncture is fixed, and step 3.1 supplies the asserted compact relative-endpoint homotopy for each stem. The radii, paths and homotopies involve finitely many given arcs and explicit polar interpolations; no infinite selection or choice axiom is used. The intermediate paths need not be embeddings; upgrading this homotopy to an isotopy is a separate proper-arc result.
Remarks
A based homotopy of maps need not extend to puncture ends. The proof instead constructs the endpoint homotopy directly, and checks uniform convergence in the radial coordinate. It never evaluates a map or homotopy on a point outside its domain.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
16 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Benson Farb and Dan Margalit, A Primer on Mapping Class Groups, version 5.0 author draft, section 2.3 (Alexander method) and section 9.1.3, printed pp. 61-62 and 256 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Juan Gonzalez-Meneses, Basic results on braid groups, section 1.6, printed pp. 8-10 (standard reference, not scraped)