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The one-term relation and framing
Statement
Let be a commutative ring, let , and let be an -valued invariant of unframed oriented knots of type at most . Then whenever the degree- chord diagram of the -singular knot has a chord that intersects no other chord. This is the 1T vanishing law for unframed symbols. In the framed category no universal 1T vanishing law holds: under , integer-valued framed self-linking has type at most and has derivative on a one-chord diagram with blackboard framing.
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: An unframed invariant of type at most , its singular-knot finite-difference convention, and the chord-intersection convention in the statement. The separate framed witness assumes .
Singular knots and Vassiliev derivatives: the finite difference is the alternating sum over independent resolutions, and type at most means that every -st finite difference vanishes; framed singularities may be double points or simple framing zeroes.
Framed chord diagrams and four-term relations: two chords intersect when their endpoints alternate, a chord is isolated when it intersects no other chord, and 1T sets an unframed diagram with an isolated chord equal to zero.
Oriented crossing signs, diagram writhe, and blackboard framing: crossing sign is , the writhe is the sum of crossing signs, and the positive Artin half twist has sign .
Framed knots, self-linking, and the Seifert framing: under , framed self-linking is the linking number of the knot and a sufficiently small push-off along its framing section.
Small framed push-offs define a well-defined self-linking number: under , that push-off linking number is independent of the sufficiently small radius, framing representative, and normalized tubular chart.
Blackboard self-linking equals diagram self-writhe: under , the self-linking of the blackboard framing of a regular knot diagram equals its writhe.
Compute oriented linking number from a diagram: for a two-component diagram, linking number is one half the signed sum of mixed crossing signs.
The diagram linking-number scan terminates and returns the stated integer: under , the finite scan returns the integer linking number.
External input: framing classes are classified by the winding integer in , and a unit framing twist changes self-linking by one. Elhamdadi, Hajij, and Istvan identify the framing integer with push-off self-linking ("Framed Knots," §3, PDF pp. 7–9, and §6, PDF pp. 15–16). Only these passages are used; the sign of the positive twist is fixed directly by the oriented meridian calculation in step 1.2.
The Axiom of Countable Choice (): asserts that every sequence of nonempty sets has a choice function; it is used only for the framed self-linking supplier branch, not for the finite unframed crossing-change argument.
Proof
Given: As above. The unframed argument is choice-free; the framed witness is a separate branch.
Let be an -singular knot with an isolated chord corresponding to the double point . Its two preimages split the parameter circle into arcs and . Isolation means no other marked double point has one preimage on each of and . Choose a regular projection. There are finitely many ordinary crossings between the arcs. Switch them one at a time until every crossing has the -branch over the -branch. Each switch changes by, up to sign, the -fold difference on the knot with that ordinary crossing newly marked; this is zero by [F1]. Thus these switches preserve .
For the framed branch, let be integer-valued self-linking. On a regular framed diagram compare a unit representative of its framing section with the unit blackboard normal section . Their oriented fibrewise angle defines a map ; let be its degree. In the tubular coordinates determined by , the push-off along winds times meridionally relative to the blackboard push-off. A positive meridian links the core once, since its oriented normal disk meets the core once with the sign fixed by the positive frame . Thus ; [F9] supplies the unit-twist normalization, and this local orientation calculation fixes its sign. Equivalently, each positive turn creates a local clasp with two positive mixed crossings, and [F7]–[F8] give the same linking increment. By [F6], . For a framed singular knot with two disjoint singularities, all changes outside their local balls are fixed. Inside each ball, resolving a double point changes only that crossing's writhe contribution and local angle path; resolving a framing zero changes only the local angle path. Winding degrees add under concatenation, so the four self-linking values have the form for constants independent of . Their alternating second difference is . This covers any pair of double-point or framing-zero singularities, so self-linking has type at most . On a one-chord diagram with blackboard framing, the two crossing resolutions have writhes and and zero relative twist; their derivative is by [F3] and [F6]. This is nonzero over , so no universal framed 1T vanishing law is valid. The assumption enters only through [F4]–[F9] and [A1].
The consistent over-under assignment lets the lifts of the interiors of and lie in opposite open half-spaces bounded by a plane through . Cap each arc on its own side by a short boundary-parallel arc to obtain oriented singular knots and carrying the remaining marked double points. The two resolutions at are the connected sums and . An orientation-preserving half-turn of the round that exchanges the two balls of the connected-sum decomposition carries the first knot, with its orientation, to the second; the path of rotations through angles from to is an ambient isotopy. Hence the two resolutions are ambient-isotopic, so their -values agree and .
Depends on
- Singular knots and Vassiliev derivatives
- Framed chord diagrams and four-term relations
- Oriented crossing signs, diagram writhe, and blackboard framing
- Framed knots, self-linking, and the Seifert framing
- Small framed push-offs define a well-defined self-linking number
- Compute oriented linking number from a diagram
- The diagram linking-number scan terminates and returns the stated integer
- Blackboard self-linking equals diagram self-writhe
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
29 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- The Fundamental Theorem of Vassiliev Invariants (standard reference, not scraped)
- Introduction to Vassiliev Knot Invariants (standard reference, not scraped)
- Mohamed Elhamdadi, Mustafa Hajij, and Kyle Istvan, Framed Knots, arXiv:1910.10257v6 (2020) (standard reference, not scraped)