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A framing identifies the Thom target with a sphere smash product
Statement
Assume (The Axiom of Countable Choice () is inherited through the normal-bundle structure). Let be a closed smooth manifold and let be a closed framed codimension- submanifold of , , with normal bundle (Framings of a normal bundle).
Then induces a based homeomorphism natural in the framed data, and the composite of any based map with the based projection is a based map . The homeomorphism is independent of the metric used to form up to the canonical radial homeomorphisms of Metric independence of the Thom space. For , and the sphere-valued target is . For , the Thom space and are one-point spaces, and the composite is constant at the basepoint.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A closed framed codimension- submanifold of the closed smooth manifold , its quotient normal bundle , and a metric on when a Thom space is formed.
A framing is a smooth bundle isomorphism over ; rank zero and are included and the framing is then unique (Framings of a normal bundle).
With the product metric and supplied trivialization, naturally in , including the rank-zero and empty-base cases (Trivial Thom spaces as suspension smash products).
The Thom space is formed from the metric disk and sphere bundles, with convention and the nonbasepoint stratum the open disk bundle (Disk bundle, sphere bundle, and Thom space: the differential topology interface).
Different metrics on are compared by a canonical based homeomorphism, and these comparisons compose exactly (Metric independence of the Thom space).
For based CGWH spaces the smash product is the kified quotient of the product by the wedge, it is associative, symmetric and unital up to canonical based homeomorphisms , and these homeomorphisms satisfy the usual coherence identities (Smash product of based spaces, Canonical associativity, symmetry, and unit maps for smash products, Compactly generated based spaces and well-pointed objects).
Proof
(The framing carries one Thom model to the other.) Fix a metric on and let be the metric on obtained by transporting across the bundle isomorphism . Since is a fibrewise linear homeomorphism over , it maps onto and onto ; passing to the quotients it induces a homeomorphism carrying basepoint to basepoint. This map is based and functorial: for it is the unique map of one-point spaces, while for it is the identity on .
(The trivial model and metric independence.) By [F2] applied to the trivial bundle there is a canonical based homeomorphism for the product metric, natural in . Composing with step 1.1 and the exact metric comparison from [F4] gives a based homeomorphism . If are two metrics on , the two composites differ by the canonical radial homeomorphism of [F4], which is exactly the asserted independence: the construction is natural in the framing, because a bundle isomorphism intertwines the transported metrics and hence the two routes through the framing isomorphism and metric comparison. For , and [F2] gives ; for , all four spaces are the one-point based space and all maps are the identity.
(The sphere-valued collapse.) Let be the smash of the based collapse (which sends to the nonbasepoint) with , followed by the canonical unitality homeomorphism of [F5]; the composite is a based map. For any based , the composite is based because each factor is based, and it is independent of which unitality homeomorphism is used by the coherence clause of [F5].
(Conclusion.) Steps 1.1-3.1 construct the based homeomorphism , prove its naturality in the framed data, its metric independence up to the canonical radial homeomorphism, and the based sphere-valued composite with any based map out of . The degenerate cases and were treated in steps 1.1-2.1. Nothing beyond the inherited is used: all maps are the canonical ones induced by and the supplied metrics.
Depends on
- Framings of a normal bundle
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Trivial Thom spaces as suspension smash products
- Disk bundle, sphere bundle, and Thom space: the differential topology interface
- Metric independence of the Thom space
- Smash product of based spaces
- Canonical associativity, symmetry, and unit maps for smash products
- Compactly generated based spaces and well-pointed objects
Used by
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Sources
- J. P. May, A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology (standard reference, not scraped)
- Daniel S. Freed, Bordism: Old and New (lecture notes, UT Austin, Fall 2012) (standard reference, not scraped)
- John Milnor, Topology from the Differentiable Viewpoint (standard reference, not scraped)