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A framing identifies the Thom target with a sphere smash product

Statement

Assume ACω (The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω) is inherited through the normal-bundle structure). Let X be a closed smooth manifold and let (N,φ) be a closed framed codimension-k submanifold of X, k≥0, with normal bundle ν=ν(N⊆X) (Framings of a normal bundle).

Then φ induces a based homeomorphism Φφ:Th⁡(ν)⟶N+∧Sk, natural in the framed data, and the composite of any based map c:X+→Th⁡(ν) with the based projection N+∧Sk→S0∧Sk=Sk is a based map X+→Sk. The homeomorphism is independent of the metric used to form Th⁡(ν) up to the canonical radial homeomorphisms of Metric independence of the Thom space. For k=0, Th⁡(ν)=N+≅N+∧S0 and the sphere-valued target is S0. For N=∅, the Thom space and N+∧Sk are one-point spaces, and the composite X+→Sk is constant at the basepoint.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A closed framed codimension-k submanifold (N,φ) of the closed smooth manifold X, its quotient normal bundle ν=TX∣N/TN, and a metric h on ν when a Thom space is formed.

[F1]

A framing is a smooth bundle isomorphism φ:ν→N×Rk over idN; rank zero and N=∅ are included and the framing is then unique (Framings of a normal bundle).

[F2]

With the product metric and supplied trivialization, Th⁡(B×Rr)≅B+∧Sr naturally in B, including the rank-zero and empty-base cases (Trivial Thom spaces as suspension smash products).

[F3]

The Thom space Th⁡h(E)=Dh(E)/Sh(E) is formed from the metric disk and sphere bundles, with X/∅=X+ convention and the nonbasepoint stratum the open disk bundle (Disk bundle, sphere bundle, and Thom space: the differential topology interface).

[F4]

Different metrics on E are compared by a canonical based homeomorphism, and these comparisons compose exactly (Metric independence of the Thom space).

[F5]

For based CGWH spaces the smash product is the kified quotient of the product by the wedge, it is associative, symmetric and unital up to canonical based homeomorphisms S0∧Z≅Z, and these homeomorphisms satisfy the usual coherence identities (Smash product of based spaces, Canonical associativity, symmetry, and unit maps for smash products, Compactly generated based spaces and well-pointed objects).

Proof

1.1F1F3construct

(The framing carries one Thom model to the other.) Fix a metric h on ν and let φ∗h be the metric on N×Rk obtained by transporting h across the bundle isomorphism φ. Since φ is a fibrewise linear homeomorphism over idN, it maps Dh(ν) onto Dφ∗h(N×Rk) and Sh(ν) onto Sφ∗h(N×Rk); passing to the quotients it induces a homeomorphism Th⁡h(ν)→Th⁡φ∗h(N×Rk) carrying basepoint to basepoint. This map is based and functorial: for N=∅ it is the unique map of one-point spaces, while for k=0 it is the identity on N+.

2.1F2F4step 1.1

(The trivial model and metric independence.) By [F2] applied to the trivial bundle N×Rk there is a canonical based homeomorphism Th⁡prod(N×Rk)≅N+∧Sk for the product metric, natural in N. Composing with step 1.1 and the exact metric comparison r:Th⁡φ∗h≅Th⁡prod from [F4] gives a based homeomorphism Φφ:Th⁡h(ν)→N+∧Sk. If h,h′ are two metrics on ν, the two composites differ by the canonical radial homeomorphism r′∘r−1 of [F4], which is exactly the asserted independence: the construction is natural in the framing, because a bundle isomorphism intertwines the transported metrics and hence the two routes through the framing isomorphism and metric comparison. For k=0, N×R0=N and [F2] gives Th⁡(N)=N+≅N+∧S0; for N=∅, all four spaces are the one-point based space and all maps are the identity.

3.1F5step 1.1step 2.1

(The sphere-valued collapse.) Let p:N+∧Sk→S0∧Sk be the smash of the based collapse N+→S0 (which sends N to the nonbasepoint) with idSk, followed by the canonical unitality homeomorphism S0∧Sk≅Sk of [F5]; the composite p is a based map. For any based c:X+→Th⁡(ν), the composite p∘Φφ∘c:X+→Sk is based because each factor is based, and it is independent of which unitality homeomorphism is used by the coherence clause of [F5].

4.1F1F2F3F4F5step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1∎

(Conclusion.) Steps 1.1-3.1 construct the based homeomorphism Φφ, prove its naturality in the framed data, its metric independence up to the canonical radial homeomorphism, and the based sphere-valued composite with any based map out of X+. The degenerate cases k=0 and N=∅ were treated in steps 1.1-2.1. Nothing beyond the inherited ACω is used: all maps are the canonical ones induced by φ and the supplied metrics.

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