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A vector bundle section with surjective vertical differential at every zero has a submanifold zero set
Statement
Let be a smooth rank- vector bundle and let be a smooth section. For a zero of , define the vertical differential as the induced map from after quotienting by the tangent space to the zero section. If is surjective at every zero of , then the zero set is an embedded submanifold of codimension .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A smooth section of a smooth rank- vector bundle.
In a local frame, smoothness of a section is equivalent to smoothness of its component map to (Smoothness of a section is equivalent to smooth local components).
A regular level set is an embedded submanifold (A regular level set is an embedded submanifold).
Proof
Let and choose a local frame near . Then for a smooth map . Because , one has . Under a change of frame by a matrix , the new component map is , whose derivative at is because the term vanishes. Thus surjectivity of the vertical differential is exactly surjectivity of , independent of the chosen frame.
Near , the zero set of is therefore the zero set of the component map , and is a regular value because is surjective. By [L2], is an embedded submanifold of codimension . Doing this at every zero proves that is an embedded submanifold of codimension .
Depends on
Used by
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Dependency tree · two levels
16 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- John M. Lee, Introduction to Smooth Manifolds (standard reference, not scraped)
- Will J. Merry, Differential Geometry (standard reference, not scraped)