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Conjugacy classes meet T in Weyl orbits
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let be a compact connected Lie group with maximal torus . Every conjugacy class of meets , and two elements are conjugate in exactly when for some element of the Weyl group .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Assume the Axiom of Choice, a compact connected Lie group , a maximal torus , and .
The Axiom of Choice is The Axiom of Choice; it enters through the covering theorem [L1], the conjugacy theorem [L2], and the closed-subgroup theorem used in [L4] via its countable-choice hypothesis.
Every element of lies in a maximal torus (Every element lies in a maximal torus).
Any two maximal tori of are conjugate (Conjugacy of maximal tori).
The Weyl group is , and acts on by , which lies in because normalizes ; the action is well defined (Compact Weyl group).
For a fixed , the centralizer is closed because it is the equalizer of the continuous maps and . Under countable choice it is therefore an embedded Lie subgroup by Cartan closed subgroup theorem, and its identity component is a compact connected Lie group. Every connected subgroup of containing the identity lies in this identity component (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Proof
Let . By [L1] there is a maximal torus with , and by [L2] there is with ; then , so the conjugacy class of meets .
Suppose for some . Put , a maximal torus containing . Both and lie in and, being connected and containing the identity, lie in the compact connected Lie group by [L4]. A torus of properly containing or would also be a torus of properly containing a maximal torus of ; hence and are maximal tori of .
By [L2] applied to the compact connected Lie group , there is with . Then , and since centralizes we obtain ; hence lies in the -orbit of by [L3].
Conversely, if for some , then is conjugate to and lies in ; hence conjugacy in between points of is exactly the orbit relation of the Weyl group action, and by step 1.1 every conjugacy class meets . The Axiom of Choice entered through [L1], [L2], and the countable-choice closed-subgroup input in [L4].
Depends on
Used by
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Sources
- Anthony W. Knapp, Lie Groups Beyond an Introduction, 2nd ed. (standard reference, not scraped)
- Brian Conrad and Aaron Landesman, Compact Lie Groups (standard reference, not scraped)